Миграционная политика постсоциалистической Польши: динамика стратегических установок

Современная Европа. 2019. № 7. С. 179–185.

Gorizontov L.

The migration policy of the post-socialist Poland concentrates on three main directions. First, a course in relation to compatriots living abroad – labor migrants and representatives of the old diasporas, for whom in 2007 «Pole’s card» was introduced. Secondly, a regulation of labor migration from the post-Soviet space, primarily Ukraine, to Poland. Third, a counteraction against afro-asiatization of Poland, which has acquired special relevance after the beginning of the migration crisis in the European Union. These areas of migration policy are highly interdependent. In recent years, the topic of migration has become increasingly important and controversial in Poland, causing disagreement even in government. The dynamics of strategic approaches can be traced by comparing the concept of migration policy that was in force in 2012-2016 and the draft document intended to replace it, which became public in mid-2019. Currently in power, eurosceptic conservatives, strongly rejecting multiculturalism, bet on the return of compatriots to the country and the attraction of Eastern Slavs as temporary labor migrants. The draft of the new migration strategy has been sharply criticized for its Islamophobia and assimilatory attitude towards those migrants who wish to choose Poland for permanent residence. The migration policy of post-socialist Poland combines economic pragmatism with an appeal to various historical traditions. This gives the Polish strategy a great originality, which does not exclude its certain similarities with other Central European countries and the importance of  Poland’s experience for Russia.

Keywords: миграционная политика, эмиграция, ассимиляция, диаспора, трудовые мигранты, diaspora, assimilation, emigration, migration policy, labor migrants, афроазиатизация, post-socialist Poland, afro-asiatization, постсоциалистическая Польша