Article
Подъём и смежные явления в русском языке (преимущественно на материале интерпретации местоимений)
The article focuses on Russian constructions that are similar to English raising constructions. In these structures, there is an element that only has an interpretation if they are generated and assigned a semantic role in the embedded clause. Here belong some of constructions with dative NPs and predicatives; some modal constructions; some semi-auxiliaries, and so on. Although I use assumptions made by Minor (2013), Kholodilova (2015), and Burukina (2016, 2017), I verify their claims by using indefinite pronouns and NPIs on "ni-" that require a licensing head. I claim that Russian raising-like structures differ from English ones, especially because in Russian, raising cannot create structures that would otherwise be ungrammatical - in a sense, raising structures emerge, where control structures are possible and use the same language material as control structures.
The work deals with the constructions with the evaluative predicates in russian that are expressed with special forms with suffiz -o sich as holodno (it is cold), zamechatelno (it is nice), nuzchno (it is necessary) etc.. The main issue in focus is the role of Dative argument. Th aurthors show that the Dative argument usually associated with the experiencer semantic role can stand for the so-cold "reference point" for the evaluation. Thus the evaluative predicates could be devided into three classess according to the possibilities of Dative argument to express these two roles.
In my paper, I discuss the choice of the verb form in constructions with a complementizer/adverbial subordinator čtoby. I show that while the situation is rather trivial in biclausal constructions, analysis of triclausal constructions where another clause is embedded under the čtoby-clause reveals a phenomenon which is not accounted for in any Russian grammatical descriptions. The marker imposes the past tense form not only to the verb in its clause, but also to the temporal clause which is embedded deeper. The existence of such an unusual construction results from both semantic and syntactic factors: namely, from the fact that the ‘unreal’ meaning carried by čtoby spreads to the temporal clause and from the syntactic properties of čtoby and kogda, the latter not imposing any formal restrictions on the verb form in the temporal clause.
The paper is dedicated to the initiative of universal dependences (UD), with aim to develop cross-linguistically consistent annotation scheme of grammatical analysis. The purpose of this initiative is in simplification of cross-language research, unification of interlanguage linguistic typology, building a foundation for the automated multilingual systems and the universal cross-language text parser.
In the first part of the paper we describe the main problems of grammatical analysis of the multilingual text, advantages of unification of language features, the purposes of the project of universal dependences. Also we give the brief history of creation of the project. On the example of three languages – Russian, English and German we discusses the basic principles of universal dependences, such as morphology and syntax features.
In the second part of the article on the example of predicative we illustrate how to conduct corpus researches using UD. The article defines the technique of automatic identification of predicatives and examines their frequency distribution in the Russian UD corpus and a semantic categorization of the most often used predicatives.
The paper is focused on the study of reaction of italian literature critics on the publication of the Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Jivago". The analysys of the book ""Doctor Jivago", Pasternak, 1958, Italy" (published in Russian language in "Reka vremen", 2012, in Moscow) is given. The papers of italian writers, critics and historians of literature, who reacted immediately upon the publication of the novel (A. Moravia, I. Calvino, F.Fortini, C. Cassola, C. Salinari ecc.) are studied and analised.
In the article the patterns of the realization of emotional utterances in dialogic and monologic speech are described. The author pays special attention to the characteristic features of the speech of a speaker feeling psychic tension and to the compositional-pragmatic peculiarities of dialogic and monologic text.