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October 8, 2026
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The 23rd Annual Meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club was held from September 28 to October 1, 2026 under the theme ‘Responsibility for the Future: Limits of the Possible, or Limitless Possibilities?’ The forum brought together 120 experts from 40 countries, including representatives of China, the United States, India, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Germany, Egypt, Iran, and Japan.
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Negation in the complement clauses of fear-verbs

Functions of Language. 2021. Vol. 28. No. 2. P. 121–152.
Dobrushina N.

Complement clauses of verbs of fear often contain expletive negation, which is negative marking without negative meaning. Expletive negation in fear-complements regularly co-occurs with non-indicative moods, such as subjunctive, conjunctive, or conditional. The aim of this paper is to provide a diachronic explanation for the phenomenon of expletive negation in complement clauses of fear-verbs. Based on data from various languages, I will show that cases of expletive negation after verbs of fear can be divided into several groups, each with a different origin. Fear complement clauses can derive from embedded polar questions, paratactic constructions expressing a wish, or from negative purpose clauses. Complement clauses with polar questions usually contain an indicative verb form, while clauses based on the expression of a wish often have non-indicative verb forms. The paper also discusses cases in which expletive negation is lost.

Research target: Philology and Linguistics
Priority areas: humanitarian
Language: English
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DOI
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Keywords: страхжеланиеsubjunctivelinguistic typologyfearграмматическая типологияoptativeоптативwishexpletive negationэксплетивное отрицаниесубжонктив
Publication based on the results of:
Linguistic convergence in a multidisciplinary perspective (2021)
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