Классификация монгольских языков по лексикостатистическим данным

Вопросы языкового родства. 2015. № 13/3. С. 205–255.

Gruntov I., Мазо О.М.

The paper proposes a new classification of the Mongolic languages, based on lexical isoglosses within the 110­wordlist of the basic lexicon. This classification takes into account the data of Middle Mongolian monuments, Mongolic languages of China and Afghanistan, and the data collected by the authors during their fieldwork in Inner Mongolia (China), Mongolia and Russia. Many late contacts, intra-Mongolic reborrowings and interferences make it very hard to establish the precise form of the Mongolic genetic tree on the basis of lexicon alone. However, lexicostatistical analysis helps to reveal some important features, including an early separation of Dagur, the intermediate position of Eastern Yughur and its secondary convergence with Khoshut, the specific affinity of Olet (which is phonetically and morphologically an Oirat dialect) to Khalkha, the peculiar position of Mangghuer in the Baoanic subgroup, the refinement of the position of Kangjia within Gansu-Qinghai languages.

Keywords: лексикостатистика, монгольские языки, Mongolic languages, linguistic classification, lexicostatistics, языковая классификация