?
Contract law 2.0: ‘Smart’ contracts as the beginning of the end of classic contract law
Information and Communications Technology Law. 2017. Vol. 26. No. 2. P. 116–134.
The paper analyzes legal issues associated with the application of existing contract law provisions to so-called Smart contracts, defined in the paper as ‘agreements existing in the form of software code implemented on the Blockchain platform, which ensures the autonomy and self-executive nature of Smart contract terms based on a predetermined set of factors’. The paper consists of several sections. In the second section, the paper outlines the peculiarities of Blockchain technology, as currently implemented in Bitcoin cryptocurrency, which forms the core of Smart contracts. In the third section, the main characteristic features of Smart contracts are described. Finally, the paper outlines key tensions between classic contract law and Smart contracts. The concluding section sets the core question for analysis of the perspectives of implementation of this technology by governments: ‘How to align the powers of the government with Blockchain if there is no central authority but only distributed technologies’. The author suggests two solutions, neither of which is optimal: (1) providing the state authorities with the status of a Superuser with extra powers; and (2) relying on traditional remedies and enforcement practices, by pursuing specific individuals – parties to a Smart contract – in offline mode.
Publication based on the results of:
Dybskaya V., Sergeyev V., Логистика 2025 № 4 С. 16–22
The content of the blockchain concept (technology) in relation to supply chain management and logistics is disclosed. The evolution of blockchain technology is shown: advanced blockchain, complex and advanced solutions using blockchain. The main areas of application and characteristics of the problems of the blockchain application in the USP are considered. The key risks and ...
Added: April 29, 2026
Springer, 2025.
This book includes selected papers presented at the International Conference on Marketing and Technologies (ICMarkTech 2024), held at University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal, between December 5 and 7, 2024. It covers up-to-date cutting-edge research on artificial intelligence applied in marketing, virtual and augmented reality in marketing, business intelligence databases and marketing, data mining ...
Added: February 18, 2026
Ilyin A., Вестник гражданского процесса 2025 Т. 15 № 5 С. 15–35
The application of the rules of the procedural law on the scope of a verdict in a criminal case or a court order in an administrative offense case causes difficulties in practice: what is an unlawful act subject to prejudice, does it include consequences and their size, does intersectoral prejudice apply to persons involved in a civil case ...
Added: December 12, 2025
Urusov A., Berezovskiy R., Yanovich Y., Blockchain: Research and Applications 2025
Added: November 30, 2025
Khusainov G., Теоретическая и прикладная юриспруденция 2026 № 1 С. 184–197
Introduction. The swift evolution of digital asset technologies continues to outpace the development of comprehensive regulatory frameworks. In this context of legislative gaps, court rulings play a pivotal role in shaping the legal status of cryptocurrencies and mining, underscoring the relevance of a comparative analysis of their impact across different legal systems.
Methodology and materials. This ...
Added: October 28, 2025
Emerald Publishing Limited, 2025.
The financial industry has traditionally been seen as resistant to change, but with the advent of FinTech, the landscape is shifting rapidly. FinTech applications, once merely disruptive forces, have now become dominant drivers of innovation, offering unprecedented opportunities for businesses to grow, adapt, and thrive in an increasingly digital marketplace.
In an era where technology and ...
Added: June 4, 2025
Teterin M., Peresetsky A., Applied Econometrics 2025 Vol. 77 P. 74–90
Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two world’s largest cryptocurrencies. Their market capitalizations have recently peaked, making them more attractive to portfolio investors. As the cryptocurrency market is known for its high volatility nature, government institutions are also interested in this segment of the financial market for more comprehensive regulation. Volatility forecasting is a crucial part ...
Added: April 22, 2025
Stanislav Trofimov, Leonid Voskov, Mikhail Komarov, Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 2025 Vol. 15 No. 3 Article 1348
The development of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) is penetrating many economies around the globe. This paper presents three key innovations in the field of intelligent transportation systems, as follows: (1) a novel tokenization approach where each vehicle is represented as a macro-token subdivided into 500,000 micro-tokens for precise condition monitoring, (2) a comprehensive mathematical model ...
Added: February 1, 2025
С. М. Авдошин, А. М. Литвиненко, Информационные технологии 2025 Т. 31 № 1 С. 42–55
Smart contracts are software algorithms that represent an agreement in digital form with a mechanism for forcing the parties to fulfill their obligations. Smart contracts are already firmly entrenched in the fields of finance, but this is not the only possible field of application. The disadvantage of such a digital agreement is that smart contracts ...
Added: January 23, 2025
Teterin M., Peresetsky A., The Journal of the New Economic Association 2024 Vol. 4 P. 118–135
Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2008, the size of the cryptocurrency market is becoming increasingly important for investors. Thus, the forecast of cryptocurrency price volatility is of particular interest to portfolio investors, as they are interested in accurately estimating the standard deviation of their portfolios to calculate the Value-at- Risk (VaR) as a risk ...
Added: January 21, 2025
Stanislav Ivanovich Trofimov, Leonid Sergeevich Voskov, Mikhail Mikhailovich Komarov, , in: ICBTA '24: Proceedings of the 2024 7th International Conference on Blockchain Technology and Applications.: NY: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025. P. 42–48.
The development of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is penetrating many economies around the globe. Various researchers in both industry and academia are looking into more efficient management of both vehicles and related data processing aspects. A vast trend related to the latter part is the distributed data processing of the transmitted data. This article ...
Added: January 18, 2025
NY: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025.
Added: January 18, 2025
Lisanyuk E., Логические исследования 2024 Т. 30 № 2 С. 89–110
We propose a methodology for logical-argumentative analysis of desires employed as premises of deliberative arguments, the non-demonstrative practical arguments about ac tions intended to fulfill them. Representation and evaluation of deliberative arguments are hampered by the non-cognitive nature of desires, difficulties in distinguishing between their cognitive and non-cognitive elements, and vague criteria for their acceptability. ...
Added: November 11, 2024
Switzerland: Springer, 2024.
This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 15th International Conference, MEDES 2023, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 5–7, 2023
The 29 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The papers focus on the following topics: Design Issues & BlockChain, Query Processing and Visualization, Learning Issues, Services and Systems, ...
Added: April 1, 2024
Wang F., Journal of information systems engineering & management 2023 Vol. 8 No. 2 Article 21498
Blockchain technology is a novel and disruptive innovation that has the potential to transform various industries, such as finance, supply chain, and healthcare. However, the application and impact of blockchain technology in real estate remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the characteristics, development, and structure of the research field of blockchain in real ...
Added: November 13, 2023
Finance Research Letters 2023 Vol. 57 No. 2023 Article 104163
The present study uses transfer entropy and effective transfer entropy to quantify the asymmetric
information flow between monthly Bitcoin prices (Price) and total Bitcoin electricity consumption
(Electricity). Both the Shannon and R´enyi estimates confirm a statistically significant information
flow from Price to Electricity. However, Shannon and R´enyi methods yield mixed results in
quantifying the information flow for Electricity to ...
Added: September 6, 2023
Morozova E., Panov V., Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry 2023 Vol. 39 No. 6 P. 772–788
In this paper, we present a new bivariate model for the joint description of the Bitcoin prices and the media attention to Bitcoin. Our model is based on the class of the Levy processes and is able to realistically reproduce the jump-type dynamics of the considered time series. We focus on the lowfrequency setup, which ...
Added: June 29, 2023
Fedotov I., Anton Khritankov, Barger A., , in: 2022 4th Conference on Blockchain Research and Applications for Innovative Networks and Services, BRAINS 2022.: IEEE, 2022. P. 55–58.
Blockchain technology has developed rapidly over the last few years. A Blockchain network uses the multi-party agreement concept to reach an agreement on the transaction confirmation. As the technology is new, tools and techniques for blockchain verification are still under development. We explore optimization techniques of weighted multi-party agreements with stochastic properties in the current ...
Added: June 16, 2023
Prokhorov V., Васильев П. С., Жгулёва Е. А., Логистика 2020 № 3 (160) С. 44–48
In present article the practices of using innovative blockchain transport technologies and smart contracts in Maritime transport are examined, companies that provide logistics services using these technologies are analyzed, successful examples of their implementation are also presented. ...
Added: May 15, 2023
Fonotova O., Актуальные проблемы российского права 2023 Т. 18 № 3 (148) С. 157–165
More than two-thirds of the world’s trade and production is conducted by multinational corporations and takes place in cross-border supply chains (global value chains, GVC). This figure reflects the magnitude of the ubiquity of such systems. Global (cross-border) supply chains have attracted a lot of attention from business and political circles, academic scholars – economists ...
Added: April 1, 2023