Article
Онтология фандрайзинга
The paper offers a review of positions held by prominent philosophers (Plato, Benjamin, Heidegger, Derrida) regarding the power of art. In spite of the essential differences between their approaches to art those thinkers displayed interest in the same questions and problems. That helps to reassess Plato’s harsh criticism of art, which turns out to be a fairly typical philosophical way of dealing with art. In an imaginary conversation with the contemporary thinkers Plato stands out, as he is aware of mission and influence of art in human life and intends his own philosophy to be politically responsible poetry.
The article focuses on the relationship between NGO sources of funding, including the number of funding sources, on one hand, and the evaluation of NGO effectiveness and their economic situation, on the other hand. Based on the all-Russia NGO survey, the author concludes that most NGOs in Russia tend to diversify their funding sources. NGO leaders tend to evaluate the activity of their organizations more positively in direct correlation with the number of funding sources. The more diversified funding sources are the higher rating NGO effectiveness receives. The level of NGO transparency and reporting requirements in compliance with requirements of specific funding sources also influence the evaluation of NGO effectiveness. In terms of NGO economic situation, three to four sources of funding can be considered ideal. However, tapping this many funding sources may hamper the mission of an NGO owing to the fundraising activity of its leader. In this connection, the article provides a number of recommendations to improve the effectiveness of seeking and accumulating funds from different sources by NGOs for the implementation of their projects and programs.
The article considers the Views of L. N. Tolstoy not only as a representative, but also as a accomplisher of the Enlightenment. A comparison of his philosophy with the ideas of Spinoza and Diderot made it possible to clarify some aspects of the transition to the unique Tolstoy’s religious and philosophical doctrine. The comparison of General and specific features of the three philosophers was subjected to a special analysis. Special attention is paid to the way of thinking, the relation to science and the specifics of the worldview by Tolstoy and Diderot. An important aspect is researched the contradiction between the way of thinking and the way of life of the three philosophers.
Tolstoy's transition from rational perception of life to its religious and existential bases is shown. Tolstoy gradually moves away from the idea of a natural man to the idea of a man, who living the commandments of Christ. Starting from the educational worldview, Tolstoy ended by creation of religious and philosophical doctrine, which were relevant for the 20th century.
This important new book offers the first full-length interpretation of the thought of Martin Heidegger with respect to irony. In a radical reading of Heidegger's major works (from Being and Time through the ‘Rector's Address' and the ‘Letter on Humanism' to ‘The Origin of the Work of Art' and the Spiegel interview), Andrew Haas does not claim that Heidegger is simply being ironic. Rather he argues that Heidegger's writings make such an interpretation possible - perhaps even necessary.
Heidegger begins Being and Time with a quote from Plato, a thinker famous for his insistence upon Socratic irony. The Irony of Heidegger takes seriously the apparently curious decision to introduce the threat of irony even as philosophy begins in earnest to raise the question of the meaning of being. Through a detailed and thorough reading of Heidegger's major texts and the fundamental questions they raise, Haas reveals that one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century can be read with as much irony as earnestness. The Irony of Heidegger attempts to show that the essence of this irony lies in uncertainty, and that the entire project of onto-heno-chrono-phenomenology, therefore needs to be called into question.
The article is concerned with the notions of technology in essays of Ernst and Friedrich Georg Jünger. The special problem of the connection between technology and freedom is discussed in the broader context of the criticism of culture and technocracy discussion in the German intellectual history of the first half of the 20th century.