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Экономическая метафора в «Федоне» 69a6-c3
Phaedo 69bc is the only place in the dialogue where the relation of φρόνησις to ἀρετή is considered, but the exact nature of this relation has remained obscure. Some commentators find here the key to the well-known “Socratic paradox” (“virtue is knowledge”), others note that the same sentence seem to treat φρόνησις as a means to virtue. However, a close reading of the passage does not enable to extract this Socratic doctrine from the text: φρόνησις is neither identical to virtue, nor should be “exchanged” for it. However, virtue is indeed dependent on φρόνησις. In terms of the metaphor, the true ἀρετή is the exchange of X for Y itself, where X = pleasures, pains etc., and Y = φρόνησις. It is the process, not the result. Such reading removes the apparent contradiction between the economic and the religious metaphor, for the latter treats φρόνησις as καθαρμός and ἀρετή as κάθαρσις.