Article
Социально-психологические основы мультикультурализма: проверка гипотез о межкультурном взаимодействии в российском контексте
This paper examines intercultural relations of host population (N = 651) and migrants (N = 378) in Moscow. The study examines the relevance of three hypotheses that can be used to understand intercultural relations: the multicultural hypothesis, integration hypothesis and contact hypothesis. Data processing was carried out using structural equation modeling (SEM), separately for migrants and those in Moscow, and compared the results with each other. The results showed that perceived security, intercultural contacts, acceptance of multicultural ideology, acculturation attitudes and expectations have a significant impact on immigrants’ and Muscovites’ mutual acculturation and attitudes. The authors concluded that efforts to improve intercultural relations between immigrants and the larger society should be directed at enhancing the larger society’s basic sense of security and to developing programs that improve mutual attitudes, intercultural competence and tolerance among both the members of the larger society and among immigrants.
This book is devoted to the theoretical concepts and research on acculturation in diferent regions of the world.
The article focuses on interconnection between ethnic and civic identity characteristics and acculturation strategies of migrants in two federal districts of Russia. Positive correlation between intensity of migrants’ ethnic identity and a “Separation” strategy was revealed. Moreover, the paper provides evidence of positive interdependence between intensity of migrants’ civic identity and an “Assimilation” strategy.
The distractive effects on attentional task performance in different paradigms are analyzed in this paper. I demonstrate how distractors may negatively affect (interference effect), positively (redundancy effect) or neutrally (null effect). Distractor effects described in literature are classified in accordance with their hypothetical source. The general rule of the theory is also introduced. It contains the formal prediction of the particular distractor effect, based on entropy and redundancy measures from the mathematical theory of communication (Shannon, 1948). Single- vs dual-process frameworks are considered for hypothetical mechanisms which underpin the distractor effects. Distractor profiles (DPs) are also introduced for the formalization and simple visualization of experimental data concerning the distractor effects. Typical shapes of DPs and their interpretations are discussed with examples from three frequently cited experiments. Finally, the paper introduces hierarchical hypothesis that states the level-fashion modulating interrelations between distractor effects of different classes.
This article describes the expierence of studying factors influencing the social well-being of educational migrants as mesured by means of a psychological well-being scale (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G.A. Mendelsohn, J.Chiche, 1988) previously adapted for Russian by M.V. Sokolova. A statistical analysis of the scale's reliability is performed. Trends in dynamics of subjective well-being are indentified on the basis the correlations analysis between the condbtbions of adaptation and its success rate, and potential mechanisms for developing subjective well-being among student migrants living in student hostels are described. Particular attention is paid to commuting as a factor of adaptation.