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The role of hydrogen in energy supply for isolated and arctic territories
In the modern world, one of the central challenges is to create a reliable and sust-ainable energy system capable of meeting the needs of remote and hard-to-reach regions. Russia is distinguished by vast territories with harsh climatic conditions - such as the Arctic and other northern regions -where ensuring a steady supply of energy resources becomes a complex task. Until recently, remote regions relied exclusively on traditional fossil fuels— oil, gas, and coal - which are often transported over long distances.
The high cost of transportation and the negative environmental impact have raised the need to seek alternative solutions.This article addresses the pressing issue of energy supply for remote and Arctic territories, which have traditionally depended on expensive imported fuel to operate their energy infrastructure. The study explores the possibility of transitioning to local intelligent energy systems that operate autonomously.The aim of the research is to assess the role of hydrogen as a key element for stabilizing and storing energy in conditions of stochastic output of renewable energy sources (RES).
The article analyzes the operational characteristics of solar and wind power plants under conditions of stochastic electricity generation. Despite the high wind potential of the Arctic region (average wind speeds exceed the minimum permissible threshold of 5-6 m/s) and the presence of solar insolation, their instability and intermittency necessitate the development of energy stabilization and storage systems. To assess wind energy potential, static methods are employed, particularly the two-parameter Weibull distribution. This method allows forecasting the power output of wind turbines and determining the specific power of the wind flow. The article examines two concepts for developing a local intelligent energy system based on hydrogen fuel using the Power-to-Gas (P2G) principle. Hydrogen fuel produced via electrolysis using electricity from renewable energy sources (RES) serves as a universal energy carrier. To assess the efficiency of a local intelligent energy system (LIES), the article provides a comparative analysis of electrolysis technologies, highlighting their advantages and applicability. Two fundamental operational schemes of the LIES are investigated using mathematical modelling.