Субсидии: основные теоретические подходы

Финансовые рынки и банки. 2025. № 5. С. 244–254.

Ключников И. К., Saakyan T. V.

In the conditions of increased uncertainty and change of the economic development model, the importance of effective financial assistance to the economy increases. The article considers the essence and purpose of subsidies in the system of economic relations, as well as key features of attitudes towards subsidies of various economic schools. The idea of full use of the subsidy potential is to rely on the redistributive function of the budget, to use all channels, to determine the most effective directions and to increase the impact on the economy. The article shows the channels of influence of subsidies on demand and supply, as well as on investments, and conducts a periodization of the study of the impact of subsidies on the economy. A comparative analysis of the points of view of various theoretical approaches to public expenditure and, in particular, to the provision of subsidies made it possible to prepare the basis for studying the principles of building an effective subsidy system.

Keywords: поведенческая экономика, субсидии, институционализм, subsidies, institutionalism, behavioral economics, неокейнсианство, Neo-Keynesianism, distribution of budget revenues, Wagner’s financial theory, neoclassical school, evolutionary economic school, aggregate demand and supply, elasticity of subsidies, распределение бюджетных доходов, финансовая теория Вагнера, неоклассическая школа, эволюционная экономическая школа, совокупный спрос и предложение, эластичность субсидий