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Ontological confusion reconsidered: Introducing the new Ontological Confusion Scale
Applied Cognitive Psychology. 2025. Vol. 39. No. 6. Article e70150.
Ontological confusion refers to a cognitive error involving the misclassification of entities across distinct ontological domains—physical, biological, mental, and moral. While previous research links it to paranormal and pseudoscientific beliefs, existing measures—most notably the Core Knowledge Confusions (CKC) scale—suffer from conceptual ambiguity and cultural limitations. This paper introduces the Ontological Confusion Scale (OCS), designed to address these issues by evaluating seven types of ontological misclassification. Across two studies (N = 354 and N = 550), OCS demonstrates a robust unidimensional structure, high internal consistency, and strong convergent and discriminant validity. The scale predicts a range of unfounded beliefs, while outperforming CKC and belief in a just world in explaining unique variance. These findings support a broader view of ontological confusion as a general cognitive tendency underlying intuitive but erroneous reasoning across domains. OCS provides a reliable, culturally adaptable tool for research on belief formation and epistemic vulnerability.
Sokolova A., Psychoanalytic Psychology 2026
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Resistance to change remains central to psychoanalytic practice: Patients often maintain dysfunctional
beliefs and relational patterns even when they recognize their destructive nature. While psychoanalysis has
richly described resistance as a defense against painful affect and threats to internal object relations, the
process-level dynamics through which resistance persists over time have remained incompletely articulated.
This ...
Added: July 18, 2026
Mozhaysky A., Schole. Философское антиковедение и классическая традиция 2026 Т. 20 № 2 С. 1105–1116
This article examines the education of Epaminondas, the most famous Theban military and political figure. However, in antiquity, Epaminondas was also renowned for his education and philosophical authority. The study demonstrates that Epaminondas' education encompassed a complex set of local teachings, which Pausanias describes as
ἐπιχώρια διδάγματα. However, Epaminondas' education differed from that of most members ...
Added: July 17, 2026
Shchebetenko S., / Series PsyArXiv "PsyArXiv". 2026.
Personality psychology owes much of its cumulative success to self- and informant-report
assessment. Report-based trait constructs are reliable, replicable, predictive, and useful for organising a
wide range of findings. This paper argues that their success should be understood not only
methodologically, but also theoretically. I propose the attributional model of personality reporting,
according to which self- and informant-reported traits are ...
Added: July 16, 2026
Букина А. А., Eritsyan K., Antonova N. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026
Background:
Numerous studies have shown that indigenous populations experience poorer health outcomes compared to people with other backgrounds. However, the interpretation of these disparities remains challenging due to differences in living conditions and social environments, as well as by potential measurement-related biases. Little is known about whether the underlying mechanisms of mental health outcomes differ between ...
Added: July 15, 2026
Denisova V., Petrović N., Journal of Rational - Emotive and Cognitive - Behavior Therapy 2026 Vol. 44 No. 35 P. 1–16
Cognitive distortions are routinely described in cognitive-behavioral (CBT) and rational-emotive behavior (REBT) therapies as “errors in logic” or “illogical thinking.” While this terminology is pedagogically convenient, it often obscures a crucial conceptual distinction between violations of logical inference and problems related to the justification, scope, or evaluative force of belief content. In this paper, we do not ...
Added: July 15, 2026
Shmelev I., Мир психологии. Научно-методический журнал 2026 Т. 125 № 2 С. 269–287
The article is devoted to the study of subjectness phenomenon in higher education.
Subjectness is considered as a person’s ability for active creative actions, self-determination,
and transformation of reality. The main theoretical approaches to understanding subjectness
269in psychological and pedagogical discourse are analyzed. Techniques for developing students’
subjectivity are presented, including coaching, techniques for developing critical thinking,
dialogic learning, collaborative ...
Added: July 15, 2026
Girinsky A., Вестник Томского государственного университета. Философия. Социология. Политология 2026 № 91 С. 104–113
В статье анализируются взгляды двух европейских мыслителей ХХ в. – швейцарского протестантского теолога Карла Барта и русского философа Сергия Булгакова. В центре внимания две их работы середины ХХ в., в которых авторы рассуждают о христианском отношении к государству и политике в мире модерна. В статье доказывается, что несмотря на онтологические и догматические различия между протестантской ...
Added: July 14, 2026
Nosachev P., Вопросы философии 2026 № 7 С. 166–175
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical foundations of three significant fields: New Religious Movements (NRMs) studies, New Age studies, and Western Esotericism. The author offers a historical overview of these domains, reconstructing the scholarly background and interdisciplinary context of their conceptual formation. It is argued that the primary obstacle to their advancement ...
Added: July 14, 2026
Myachykov A., Qiwei G., Ruisi W. et al., Journal of Affective Disorders 2026 Vol. 412 Article 122110
Subthreshold depression (StD) in adolescence is clinically important, but its neurobiological substrates remain unclear. We examined whether adolescents with StD show multimodal MRI alterations related to glymphatic function. ...
Added: July 13, 2026
Galina Oreshina, Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 2026 Article 10919
Interpersonal synchrony is increasingly conceptualized not as a static marker of rapport but as a dynamic, context-sensitive process that fluctuates across interactional phases to serve distinct relational functions. This study examined whether movement synchrony—absolute, non-absolute, client-leading, and counsellor-leading—was associated with therapeutic alliance in naturally occurring counselling sessions. Twenty-seven video recordings were analysed using motion energy ...
Added: July 13, 2026
Samoilov O., Морозов З. А., Петухова Д. Р. et al., Психология человека в образовании 2023 Т. 4 № 5 С. 519–535
Introduction. The article presents a systematic review of psychological research focusing on metacognitive regulation of learning effectiveness through digital educational technologies (DET). Digital technologies are often used in education. Over the past years, self-regulated learning, i.e., the practice of using digital technologies to manage learning activities, has been gaining momentum. However, the specifics of such ...
Added: July 13, 2026
Scientific publishing house Infinity, 2026.
Science Conference Proceedings combine materials of the conference – research papers and thesis reports of scientifi c workers. They examine technical, juridical and sociological aspects of research issues. Some articles deal
with theoretical and methodological approaches and principles of research questions of personality professionalization. ...
Added: July 12, 2026
Grebnev L., Вопросы философии 2026 № 7 С. 5–15
In the coming millennium, the transformation of our world has become a matter
of global concern. The first attempts to move in this direction were unsuccessful.
The globalization of economic activity is being replaced by the formation of relatively
autonomous macroregions. But it would be a mistake to assume on this
basis that joint dominion over the entire planet ...
Added: July 11, 2026
Жуматина М.-С. Д., Вопросы философии 2026 № 7 С. 140–154
This article analyzes the proclamation of G.W.F. Hegel as the “father of art history” advanced by the art historian E. Gombrich in his essay of the same name, and investigates the origins and consequences of this gesture. The paper examines Gombrich’s arguments concerning fundamental Hegelian ideas – the five Hegelian “giants” – which, in his ...
Added: July 11, 2026
Scientific publishing house Infinity, 2026.
Scientific Forum Proceedings combine materials of the conference – research papers and thesis reports of scientific workers. They examine technical, juridical and sociological aspects of research issues. Some articles deal with theoretical and methodological approaches and principles of research questions of personality professionalization. ...
Added: July 10, 2026
Sobolev I., Эпистемология и философия науки 2026 Т. 63 № 2 С. 116–134
This article offers a critical analysis of the classical dichotomy between “what is said” and “what is implicated” in philosophy of language. The author argues that a rigid separation between semantics and pragmatics is insufficient to account for the full spectrum of linguistic meaning. Key examples examined include use-conditional meaning, which is conventional yet affects ...
Added: July 9, 2026
Сорокин П. А., Bochaver A. A., Психология и право 2026 Т. 16 № 2 С. 118–131
Context and relevance. Information security for children and adolescents is currently a key subject of interdisciplinary research and practice. Data from Russian and international studies indicate a high prevalence of threats to the information security of minors, the main ones being cyberbullying, personal data theft, online pedophilia, involvement in destructive subcultures and movements, manipulation of minors ...
Added: July 7, 2026
Dvoeglazova M., Visual Cognition 2026 P. 1–16
Rectangularity can be an a priori constraint for the visual system to recover a 3D shape from a 2D image. Two psychophysical experiments (n = 16 each) were conducted to test whether observers are biased to perceive trihedral corners as rectangular and whether this bias is perceptual rather than a response bias. The results of ...
Added: July 6, 2026
Grebnev L., Вопросы философии 2025 № 6 С. 105–116
The relevance of the topic is related to the fact that after the complete abandonment of real values in the 1970s of the main means of international settlements - the US dollar – there is a growing feeling that money increasingly represents an illusory reality. The article begins with an analysis of the illusions associated ...
Added: July 6, 2026
М.: Институт консультативной психологии и консалтинга (ФПК-Институт), 2024.
The sixth volume of this year book on client-centered psychotherapy and person-centered approach, published by PCA Russia and the institute of counselling psychology and consulting (FPC institute) gathers the translations of Carl Rogers’ articles and his followers from Russia. They observe the peculiarities of client-centered psychotherapy and person-centered approach. The key components of Rogers’ triad ...
Added: July 6, 2026
Gallyamova A., Komyaginskaya E., Grigoryev D., Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2026 Vol. 67 No. 4 P. 1119–1141
Introduction: This study tests the dimensionality hypothesis, according to which diverse epistemically unfounded beliefs share a single underlying liability in addition to domain-specific components. We focus on conspiracy, paranormal, pseudoscientific, religious, and pseudo-profound (“bullshit”) beliefs and examine whether their covariance structure is best captured by a common factor plus residual domain-specific factors.
Methods: Using a nationally representative Russian ...
Added: March 16, 2026
Микляева А. В., Samoilov O., Социальная психология и общество 2024 Т. 15 № 4 С. 154–171
Objective. The analysis of social beliefs and the foundations for moral choice as predictors of the civic identity of adolescents. Background. Despite the expressed interest of researchers in the patterns of formation of civic identity in adolescence, at this stage there is no unambiguous data on the influence of social beliefs and foundations for moral ...
Added: February 4, 2026
Toribio-Florez D., Altenmüller M., Douglas K. et al., European Journal of Social Psychology 2025 Vol. 55 No. 7 P. 1252–1269
Conspiracy beliefs have been linked to perceptions of collective victimhood. We adopt an individual perspective on victimhood by investigating the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and the individual disposition to perceive and react to injustice as a victim (i.e., victim justice sensitivity; VJS). Data from two German samples (Ns = 370,373) indicated a positive association between ...
Added: June 23, 2025
Maksimenko A., Загладина А. Р., Дейнека О. С., Психология и право 2025 Т. 15 № 3 С. 224–239
Context and relevance. In the context of the persistent spread of corrupt practices, which pose a threat both to the functioning of state institutions and to public trust, there is an increasing need to analyze not only institutional, legal, and economic, but also psychological factors that contribute to their reproduction. In recent years, growing attention in ...
Added: October 2, 2024