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Graphene-Based Photonics and Plasmonics
The behavior of the TE and TM electromagnetic waves in graphene at the interface between two semi-infinite dielectric media is studied. The dramatic influence on the TE waves propagation even at very small changes in the optical contrast between the two dielectric media is predicted. Frequencies of the TE waves are found to lie only in the window determined by the contrast. We consider this effect in connection with the design of graphene-based optical gas sensor. Near the frequency, where the imaginary part of the conductivity of graphene becomes zero, ultrahigh refractive index sensitivity and very low detection limit are revealed. The considered graphene-based optical gas sensor outperforms characteristics of modern volume refractive index sensors by several orders of magnitude.
Graphene synthesis technology on substrates is promising, as is compatible with existing CMOS-technology. Knowledge about how to affect the substrate of choice for structural and electronic properties of graphene is important and opens up new opportunities in targeted influence on the properties of this unique material. Specialized measuring system was established to measure the galvanomagnetic characteristics of substrates multigraphene. Its structure and the measurement results are presented in the paper. For surface resistivity measurements we obtained samples were higher than that of natural graphite, but much lower than for samples of colloidal suspensions.
Tech mining (TM) helps to acquire intelligence about the evolution of research and development (R&D), technologies, products, and markets for various STI areas and what is likely to emerge in the future by identifying trends. The present chapter introduces a methodology for the identification of trends through a combination of “thematic clustering” based on the co-occurrence of terms, and “dynamic term clustering” based on the correlation of their dynamics across time. In this way, it is possible to identify and distinguish four patterns in the evolution of terms, which eventually lead to (i) weak signals of future trends, as well as (ii) emerging, (iii) maturing, and (iv) declining trends. Key trends identified are then further analyzed by looking at the semantic connections between terms identified through TM. This helps to understand the context and further features of the trend. The proposed approach is demonstrated in the field photonics as an emerging technology with a number of potential application areas.
A novel type of spaser with the net amplification of surface plasmons (SPs) in a doped graphene nanoribbon is proposed. The plasmons in the THz region can be generated in a doped graphene nanoribbon due to nonradiative excitation by emitters like two level quantum dots located along a graphene nanoribbon. The minimal population inversion per unit area, needed for the net amplification of SPs in a doped graphene nanoribbon, is obtained. The dependence of the minimal population inversion on the surface plasmon wave vector, graphene nanoribbon width, doping, and damping parameters necessary for the amplification of surface plasmons in the armchair graphene nanoribbon is studied.