Статья
Comprehensive network of miRNA-induced intergenic interactions and a biological role of its core in cancer
A large body of evidence indicates modified expression of protein-coding genes in response to different kinds of physical activity. Recent years have exposed another level of regulation of cellular processes mediated by non-coding RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the largest families of non-coding RNAs. MiRNAs mediate post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The amount of data supporting the key role of miRNAs in the adaptation of the immune and other body systems to exercise steadily grows. MiRNAs change their expression profiles after exercise and seem to be involved in regulation of exercise-responsive genes in immune and other cell types. Here we discuss existing data and future directions in the field.
With the advances in the sequencing technology the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) [1] and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) [2] collected data on more than 16 000 genome-wide pairs tumor-normal tissue providing a valuable resource to study cancer mutations. In this research we focus on pre- evaluation of the relationship between cancer breakpoint hotspots and DNA regions potentially forming secondary structures such as stem-loops (cruciforms) and quadru- plexes. We performed analysis of 2 234 samples covering 10 cancer types and built machine-learning models predicting cancer breakpoint distribution over chromosome based on the density distribution of stem-loops and quadruplexes. We developed pro- cedure for machine learning models building and evaluation as the considered data are extremely imbalanced and it is needed to get reliable estimate of prediction power. We conducted a set of experiments to select the best appropriate resampling scheme, class balancing technique and parameters of machine learning algorithms. The best final models were applied to cancer breakpoints data. From the performed analysis it could be concluded that the relationship between cancer breakpoints hotspots and studied DNA secondary structures exists, however, generally, this relationship is weak for stem-loops, but higher for quadruplexes. We also found differences in model predictive power depending on cancer types. Thus, stem-loop-based model performs better for pancreatic, prostate, ovary, uterus, brain and liver cancer, and quadruplex- based model works better for blood, bone, skin and breast cancer.
BACKGROUND:
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an extremely malignant form of breast cancer which can be easily misdiagnosed. Conclusive prognostic IBC molecular biomarkers which are also providing the perspectives for targeted therapy are lacking so far. The aim of this study was to reveal the IBC-specific miRNA expression profile and to evaluate its association with clinicopathological parameters.
METHODS:
miRNA expression profiles of 13 IBC and 17 non-IBC patients were characterized using comprehensive Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 3.0 microarray platform. Bioinformatic analysis was used to reveal IBC-specific miRNAs, deregulated pathways and potential miRNA targets.
RESULTS:
31 differentially expressed miRNAs characterize IBC and mRNAs regulated by them and their associated pathways can functionally be attributed to IBC progression. In addition, a minimal predictive set of 4 miRNAs characteristic for the IBC phenotype and associated with the TP53 mutational status in breast cancer patients was identified.
CONCLUSIONS:
We have characterized the complete miRNome of inflammatory breast cancer and found differentially expressed miRNAs which reliably classify the patients to IBC and non-IBC groups. We found that the mRNAs and pathways likely regulated by these miRNAs are highly relevant to cancer progression. Furthermore a minimal IBC-related predictive set of 4 miRNAs associated with the TP53 mutational status and survival for breast cancer patients was identified.
Сборник материалов Международной научно-практическая конференция IX Левитовские чтения. «Особенности исследований в психологической, педагогической практике и социальной работе». 23-24 апреля 2014 года, Москва, МГОУ
Сборник подготовлен к юбилею доктора исторических наук Ирины Геннадиевны Коноваловой, зам. директора, главного научного сотрудника, зав. Отделом специальных исторических дисциплин и зав. Центром исторической географии Института всеобщей истории РАН, крупнейшего в нашей стране востоковеда, автора большого числа исследований и публикаций источников, выдающегося специалиста в области исторической географии, ответственного редактора недавно организованного ею альманаха "Историческая география". В сборник вошли статьи ее коллег и друзей, написанные по следующим направлениям: историческая география, гуманитарная и культурная география, история географии и картографии.
Для историков, географов, филологов.
Many environmental stimuli present a quasi-rhythmic structure at different timescales that the brain needs to decompose and integrate. Cortical oscillations have been proposed as instruments of sensory de-multiplexing, i.e., the parallel processing of different frequency streams in sensory signals. Yet their causal role in such a process has never been demonstrated. Here, we used a neural microcircuit model to address whether coupled theta–gamma oscillations, as observed in human auditory cortex, could underpin the multiscale sensory analysis of speech. We show that, in continuous speech, theta oscillations can flexibly track the syllabic rhythm and temporally organize the phoneme-level response of gamma neurons into a code that enables syllable identification. The tracking of slow speech fluctuations by theta oscillations, and its coupling to gamma-spiking activity both appeared as critical features for accurate speech encoding. These results demonstrate that cortical oscillations can be a key instrument of speech de-multiplexing, parsing, and encoding.
В сборник Трудов МОО включены избранные материалы XIII Международной орнитологической конференции Северной Евразии, состоявшейся в г. Оренбурге 30 апреля - 6 мая 2010 г. Тематика статей касается истории Мензбировского орнитологического общества и палеоорнитологии, общих проблем орнитологии, фауны и систематики птиц, их экологии и эволюции, а также вопросов охраны редких видов. Среди информационных материалов публикуется Резолюция XIII Орнитологической конференции Северной Евразии
В спектре внутренней медицины гастроэнтерология является одной из наименее освещенных научными доказательствами областей. Это не означет, однако, что еe практика не может быть усовершенствована последовательным использованием подходов доказательной медицины
This prototype development explains the challenges encountered during the ISO/IEEE 11073 standard implementation process. The complexity of the standard and the consequent heavy requirements, which have not encouraged software engineers to adopt the standard. The developing complexity evaluation drives us to propose two possible implementation strategies that cover almost all possible use cases and eases handling the standard by non-expert users. The first one is focused on medical devices (MD) and proposes a low-memory and low-processor usage technique. It is based on message patterns that allow simple functions to generate ISO/IEEE 11073 messages and to process them easily. MD act as X73 agent. Second one is focused on more powerful device X73 manager, which do not have the MDs' memory and processor usage constraints. The protocol between Agent and Manager is point-to-point and we can distribute the functionality between devices.
Developed both implementation X73 Agent and Manager will cut developing time for applications based on ISO/EEE 11073.