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On the complexity of first-order logics of probability
Izvestiya. Mathematics. 2026. Vol. 90. No. 4. P. 105–126.
Сперанский С. О., Grefenshtein A.
The article is concerned with Halpern's first-order logics of probability, which we denote by L_1 and L_2 – the first of these deals with probability distributions on the domain, while the second employs distributions on external sets of possible worlds. The proofs of [Abadi & Halpern 1994] of the complexity lower bound results for L_1 and L_2 rely heavily on using polynomials. We shall obtain the same lower bounds for small fragments of L_1 and L_2 in which neither addition nor multiplication is allowed. Further, it will be studied what happens if we exclude field variables, and hence quantifiers over reals; the upper bound proofs here will utilize suitable analogues of the (downward) Löwenheim–Skolem theorem.
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английский
The class of all ∗-continuous Kleene algebras, whose description includes an infinitary condition on the iteration operator, plays an important role in computer science. The complexity of reasoning in such algebras — ranging from the equational theory to the Horn one, with restricted fragments of the latter in between — was analyzed by Kozen (2002). This ...
Добавлено: 12 августа 2026 г.
Сперанский С. О., Математические заметки 2026 Т. 120 № 3 С. 470–483
Показывается, что с точки зрения замыкающих ординалов многие инфинитарные исчисления для «первопорядковых» логик вероятности (т.е. для языков, аналогичных языкам из [Abadi & Halpern 1994]) являются настолько трудными, насколько это возможно: соответствующие замыкающие ординалы совпадают с наименьшим неконструктивным ординалом, обозначаемым через $\omega_1^{\mathrm{CK}}$. ...
Добавлено: 12 августа 2026 г.
David J. L., Leonid Grinin, Коротаев А. В., , in: Complexity in Universal Evolution. A Big History Perspective.: Springer, 2026. Ch. 22 P. 585–608.
Добавлено: 10 августа 2026 г.
Коротаев А. В., , in: Complexity in Universal Evolution. A Big History Perspective.: Springer, 2026. Ch. 13 P. 359–409.
Добавлено: 10 августа 2026 г.
Leonid Grinin, Alexander M., Коротаев А. В., , in: Complexity in Universal Evolution. A Big History Perspective.: Springer, 2026. Ch. 12 P. 283–355.
Добавлено: 10 августа 2026 г.
David J. L., Leonid Grinin, Коротаев А. В., , in: Complexity in Universal Evolution. A Big History Perspective.: Springer, 2026. Ch. 1 P. 1–25.
Добавлено: 10 августа 2026 г.
Тискин Д. Б., М.: Издательская группа URSS, 2026.
Предлагаемая книга представляет собой введение в формальную семантику — раздел языкознания, в котором посредством построения математически строгих моделей исследуется, как предложения приобретают значение и способность передавать информацию в зависимости от своей структуры и значений составляющих их слов. Классические теоретические идеи Г. Фреге, Д. Льюиса, Д. Каплана и др. излагаются современным языком, а при разработке нотации акцент сделан на том, ...
Добавлено: 17 марта 2026 г.
Добавлено: 16 февраля 2026 г.
Сперанский С. О., Journal of Logic and Computation 2013 Vol. 23 No. 5 P. 1035–1055
In the present article, the quantifiers over propositions are first introduced into the language for reasoning about probability, then the complexity issues for validity problems dealing with the corresponding hierarchy of probabilistic sentences are investigated. We prove, among other things, the $\Pi^1_1$-completeness for the general validity and also indicate the least level in the hierarchy ...
Добавлено: 27 декабря 2025 г.
Сперанский С. О., Studia Logica 2017 Vol. 105 No. 2 P. 407–429
The paper contains a survey on the complexity of various truth hierarchies arising in Kripke’s theory. I present some new arguments, and use them to obtain a number of interesting generalisations of known results. These arguments are both relatively simple, involving only the basic machinery of constructive ordinals, and very general. ...
Добавлено: 26 декабря 2025 г.
Сперанский С. О., Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 2017 Vol. 27 No. 8 P. 1581–1600
In this article we describe a bunch of probability logics with quantifiers over events, and develop primary techniques for proving computational complexity results (in terms of m-degrees) about these logics, mainly over discrete probability spaces. Also the article contains a comparison with some other probability logics and a discussion of interesting analogies with research in the metamathematics ...
Добавлено: 26 декабря 2025 г.
Сперанский С. О., Journal of Logic and Computation 2021 Vol. 31 No. 5 P. 1330–1355
The idea of treating negation as a modality manifests itself in various logical systems, especially in Došen's propositional logic N, whose negation is weaker than that of Johansson's minimal logic. Among the interesting extensions of N are the propositional logics N* and Hype; the former was proposed in [Cabalar et al. 2006], while the latter has ...
Добавлено: 26 декабря 2025 г.
Кузнецов С. Л., Сперанский С. О., Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 2022 Vol. 173 No. 2 Article 103057
We introduce infinitary action logic with exponentiation — that is, the multiplicative-additive Lambek calculus extended with Kleene star and with a family of subexponential modalities, which allow some of the structural rules (contraction, weakening, permutation). The logic is presented in the form of an infinitary sequent calculus. We prove cut elimination and, in the case ...
Добавлено: 26 декабря 2025 г.
Кузнецов С. Л., Сперанский С. О., Studia Logica 2023 Vol. 111 No. 2 P. 251–280
Infinitary action logic can be naturally expanded by adding exponential and subexponential modalities from linear logic. In this article we shall develop infinitary action logic with a subexponential that allows multiplexing (instead of contraction). Both non-commutative and commutative versions of this logic will be considered, presented as infinitary sequent calculi. We shall prove cut admissibility ...
Добавлено: 26 декабря 2025 г.
Сперанский С. О., Izvestiya. Mathematics 2025 Vol. 89 No. 3 P. 609–627
Let QPL-e expand the quantifier-free ‘polynomial’ probability logic of [Fagin et al. 1990] by adding quantifiers over arbitrary events; it can be viewed as a one-sorted elementary language for reasoning about probability spaces. We prove that the $\Sigma_2$-fragment of the QPL-e-theory of finite spaces is hereditarily undecidable. By earlier observations, this implies that $\Pi_2$ is the ...
Добавлено: 26 декабря 2025 г.
Сперанский С. О., Logic Journal of the IGPL 2025 Vol. 33 No. 2 Article jzae042
This paper is concerned with a two-sorted probabilistic language, denoted by QPL, which contains quantifiers over events and over reals, and can be viewed as an elementary language for reasoning about probability spaces. The fragment of QPL containing only quantifiers over reals is a variant of the well-known ‘polynomial’ language from [Fagin et al. 1990, Section 6]. ...
Добавлено: 26 декабря 2025 г.
Сперанский С. О., Logic Journal of the IGPL 2025 Vol. 33 No. 3 Article jzae114
We shall be concerned with two natural expansions of the quantifier-free ‘polynomial’ probability logic of [Fagin et al. 1990]. One of these, denoted by QPL-e, is obtained by adding quantifiers over arbitrary events, and the other, denoted by p-QPL-e, uses quantifiers over propositional formulas — or equivalently, over events expressible by such formulas. The earlier proofs ...
Добавлено: 26 декабря 2025 г.