«Платные дороги» в чингизидских государствах XIII—XIV вв

Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья. 2024. № 16. С. 620–630.

Абзалов Л. Ф., Гатин М. С., Мустакимов И. А., Pochekaev R. Y.

The article is an analysis of status and activities of the officials who provided safety of trade routes and collected road taxes in the Chinggisid rulers of 13th—14th. There is the first introduction of the Russian translation of ilkhan’s edict (yarlik) on the appointment of the head of tutkauls (rahdars) from the treatise “ Dastur al-katib” written by Muhammad b. Hindushah Nahchivany, the official of Ilkhans, in the second half of the 14th c. Text of the document is supplemented by the interdisciplinary commentary with the comparison of tutkaul’s status in the Mongol Iran with its analogues in other Chinggisid uluses: Golden Horde (Jochi Ulus), Chaghatai Ulus and Yuan Empire as well as with similar institutions in the earlier and later Asian states. The study gives a reason to state that Chinggisids (as well as their predecessors) made efforts to provide comfortable and safe communications for traders in their states, but the latter ones should compensate state expenses by paying the appropriate taxes.

Keywords: ханские ярлыки, Монгольская империя, Mongol Empire, империя Юань, yarliks of khans, road taxes, улус Джучи, Jochi Ulus, Mongol Iran, монгольский Иран, legal regulation of trade, правовое регулирование торговли, tax-collectors, сборщики налогов, дорожные сборы