Особенности восприятия собственного имени человеком по сравнению с восприятием имен сходного и отличного звучания: анализ потенциалов, связанных с событиями

Физиология человека. 2025. Т. 51. № 2. С. 3–13.

Окнина Л. Б., Подлепич В. В., Вологдина Я. О., Sieber I., Машеров Е. Л., Слезкин А. А., Стрельникова Е. В., Канцерова А. О.

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in understanding how humans distinguish their own names from other stimuli. This can be attributed to the intensive development of personalized approaches in medicine, psychology, and rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was, based on an analysis of the bioelectrical activity of the brain, to identify the characteristics of a person’s perception of his own name in comparison with stimuli of similar and different sounds.

The study included 29 healthy participants aged 18 to 48 who had common Russian names and used short forms of those names. Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded during a task involving the participants' own names, similar names, words with similar sounds, different names, and Chukchi words. Data analysis involved estimating the amplitude of the ERP response and conducting factor analysis. In the ERP, two time intervals were identified in which differences appeared in response to different types of stimuli. The first complex corresponds to the N100 and P200 peaks and the first syllable of the stimuli. The second complex corresponds to a negative peak at a latency of 400-600 ms from the beginning of the stimulus or the second syllable. Factor analysis carried out on these two identified intervals revealed the presence of three factors related to different groups of electrodes.

The data obtained through factor analysis allows us to conclude that perception of one's own name takes place in several stages. The first stage corresponds to the isolation of the first syllable and the final stage to the evaluation of the entire word (name). It can be assumed that various functional systems are involved in perception of one's own name and contribute to maintaining wakefulness, attention, and perception of auditory and verbal information.

Keywords: факторный анализ, auditory perception, слуховое восприятие, factor analysis, event-related potentials, functional system, функциональная система, own name, потенциалы, связанные с событиями, собственное имя

Publication based on the results of: Linguistic and cognitive diversity in formal models, computer tools, and educational resources (2025)