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Comparison of energy conservation strategies for 5G NR RedCap service in industrial environment
Computer Networks. 2024. Vol. 254.
The recently standardized reduced capability (RedCap) type of user equipment (UE) for 5G New Radio (NR) systems offers a useful option for energy-constrained devices. By utilizing a combination of discontinuous reception (DRX), wake-up signal (WUS), and radio resource management (RRM) relaxation functions, RedCap UE may provide excellent power efficiency for a large set of applications. In this study, we investigate power efficiency and battery lifetime for RedCap UEs for different types of applications and various combinations of energy conservation mechanisms. We utilize extended virtual reality (X-VR) and web browsing as applications of interest. To this aim, we develop a versatile mathematical framework representing the sought metrics as a function of time, accounting for specifics of millimeter wave (mmWave) propagation, micro- and macro-mobility of UEs, human body blockage, and type of application. Numerically, we show that higher micro- and macro-mobility speeds lead to worse power efficiency and the loss can be quite substantial amounting up to 30%. Antenna arrays with worse directivity show better performance in the presence of micro- and macro-mobilities when RRM Relaxation is utilized, with a difference between and arrays reaching 1.5 bit/J/KHz, which is approximately 40%. The energy conservation mechanisms produce no noticeable impact on the power efficiency and battery lifetime for rate-greedy applications such as X-VR. Low-data-rate applications with long pauses between transmission cycles, such as web browsing, may benefit from utilizing WUS and RRM Relaxation in addition to conventional DRX. However, their impact is rather small at a scale of 5%–10%.
Смирнов И. А., В кн.: Сборник научных трудов по материалам XX Международной научно-практической конференции «УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ОБЩЕСТВА: НОВЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ» (шифр – МУРО) от 08.07.2025.: М.: [б.и.], 2025. С. 105–113.
The study is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of measures to reduce cyber risks in 5G networks. The key vulnerabilities and threats arising from the development of artificial intelligence technologies, big data analysis, the Internet of Things and robotics are considered. The architecture of 5G networks is analyzed, the main cybersecurity threats are identified and ...
Added: September 7, 2025
Ivan A. Smirnov, Koucheryavy E., Elektrotehniski Vestnik/Electrotechnical Review 2025 Vol. 92 No. 3 P. 104–114
Abstract. The 5G communication networks have been destined to become one of the pillars of the digital economy, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Big Data, Internet of Things (IoT) and robotization. The 5G networks have inherited many vulnerabilities from the preceding systems. In this regard, the issue of a proper information security ...
Added: April 28, 2025
Матвеев Н. В., Tyurlikov A., Н. Л. et al., Информационно-управляющие системы 2019 № 6 С. 54–67
Introduction: Intensive research is currently underway in the field of data transmission systems for the Internet of Things in relation to various scenarios of Massive Machine Type Communication. The presence of a large number of devices in such systems necessitates the use the methods of random multiple access to a common communication channel. It is ...
Added: November 18, 2024
Markova E., Manaeva V., Zhbankova E. et al., IEEE Access 2024 Vol. 12 P. 129789–129803
State update applications reporting the state of a remote system to the control center constitute a critical part of modern Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The performance of these applications is conventionally assessed using the age of information (AoI) metric to quantify the freshness of the knowledge of a remote system at a control center. ...
Added: November 15, 2024
Zhivtsova A., Beschastnyi V., Koucheryavy E. et al., IEEE Access 2024 Vol. 12 P. 118565–118586
Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) is expected to become a key part of the 5G and future cellular systems enabling cost-controlled network densification. IAB relies upon multi-hop relaying, which makes delay a critical factor, especially for the half-duplex operational regime where only a subset of access and backhaul links can be scheduled simultaneously. Numerous dynamic ...
Added: November 15, 2024
Khayrov E., , in: 23rd International Conference, NEW2AN 2023, and 16th Conference, ruSMART 2023, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, December 21–22, 2023, Proceedings, Part II. Internet of Things, Smart Spaces, and Next Generation Networks and Systems. LNCS, volume 14543.: Springer, 2024. Ch. 12 P. 142–154.
The fifth and sixth (5G/6G) generations of cellular systems utilizing the millimeter wave (mmWave, 30–100 GHz) and sub-terahertz (sub-THz, 100–200 GHz) bands are known to be affected by blockage and micromobility phenomena. These effects make the channel highly time-varying in terms of the number of packets that can be serviced in a single scheduling unit. ...
Added: September 18, 2024
Susloparov M., Krasilov A., Khorov E., IEEE Communications Letters 2024 Vol. 28 No. 9 P. 2211–2215
Emerging eXtended Reality (XR) applications impose strict requirements on throughput, delay, and reliability, which limits the capacity of 5G systems operating only in one band, i.e., either a sub-6-GHz band or a mmWave one. To address this problem, the letter considers a scenario with a mixture of XR and broadband traffic and explores how to ...
Added: September 18, 2024
Пойда А. И., Глинский К. А., Tyarin A. et al., Информационные процессы 2023 Т. 4 № 23 С. 600–611
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a promising technology to enhance the throughput and coverage of wireless networks by adaptively adjusting the phase and amplitude of reflected signals. The conventional approach to configuring RIS relies on transmitting channel state information from a Mobile Station (MS) to a Base Station (BS), with the BS subsequently ...
Added: January 17, 2024
Kirill Glinskiy, Kureev A., Khorov E., IEEE Access 2024 Vol. 12 P. 329–338
A key feature of 5G systems is the Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), which can be used for remote surgery, smart grids, industrial control, etc. URLLC requires millisecond-level delays and very high reliability, i.e., less than 10−5 packet loss probability. The ability to satisfy these very strict quality of service requirements depends on selecting the Modulation and Coding ...
Added: January 17, 2024
Буртаков И. А., Горбунова А. О., Kureev A. et al., Информационные процессы 2023 Т. 23 № 4 С. 612–623
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is a promising technology that can increase the capacity and coverage of wireless networks. The effectiveness of RIS is determined by its configuration, which can be made based on the information about location of the transceiver devices. In practice, there are two main types of RIS configurations: focusing the signal reflected ...
Added: January 17, 2024
Ostrikova D., Beschastnyi V., Moltchanov D. et al., IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2024 Vol. 23 No. 5 P. 5511–5526
The 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) New Radio (NR) systems are prone to blockage and micromobility effects. To improve service reliability, 3GPP proposed a dual-connectivity allowing UE to maintain links to two base stations (BS). However, this functionality is power-hungry resulting in a trade-off between performance and power efficiency. In this paper, we compare user equipment ...
Added: January 10, 2024
Krasilov A., Shamsutdinov A., Shashin A. et al., , in: 2023 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom).: IEEE, 2023. P. 312–317.
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) is a new type of service supported in 5G systems, which imposes very strict requirements on packet delivery time and reliability. Many URLLC applications generate sporadic traffic in the uplink. To satisfy strict URLLC requirements for such a type of traffic, a 5G base station can use the Grant-Free channel access ...
Added: November 8, 2023
IEEE, 2023.
2023 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom) ...
Added: November 8, 2023
Khayrov E., Yevgeni Koucheryavy, IEEE Access 2023 Vol. 11 P. 90383–90395
With the introduction of the Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) technology by 3GPP, the last mile in beyond 5G cellular systems will be characterized by multiple wireless backhaul links between the user equipment and base station. In such multi-hop configurations, packet latency becomes a dominant factor characterizing the quality of service (QoS) delivered to the ...
Added: September 11, 2023
Degterev D. A., Пискунов Д. А., Еремин А. А., Полис. Политические исследования 2023 № 3 С. 20–38
Increasing U.S. – China competition revealed the leading role of the technology sphere in the terms of global leadership. Ongoing rivalry between two states led to the appearance of decoupling process which results in severance of economic, technological, and political ties. This phenomenon was taken on a global scale, with the U.S. and China seeking to form techno-economic ...
Added: September 7, 2023
Shashin A., Krasilov A., Khorov E., Информационные процессы 2023 Т. 23 № 2 С. 220–230
5G cellular systems provide a new service called Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC). In many URLLC scenarios, e.g., in intelligent transport systems, users move at high speed and transmit data in the uplink. The base station shall assign transmission parameters that satisfy the strict quality of service requirements of URLLC applications and consume the least amount ...
Added: July 24, 2023
Shashin A., Belogaev A., Krasilov A. et al., Computer Networks 2023 Vol. 222 Article 109527
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) is a key service of 5G systems that imposes very strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Typically, URLLC applications require successful delivery of at least 99.999% of packets with a packet delivery time below 1 ms. To satisfy these requirements for uplink URLLC traffic, 5G specifications introduce a grant-free channel access method. ...
Added: July 19, 2023
Bankov D., Khorov E., Krasilov A. et al., IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 2023 Vol. 12 No. 8 P. 1449–1453
5G Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is a promising technology to satisfy the increasing demands of intelligent transportation systems. Emerging V2X applications with a high level of automation impose very strict requirements on latency (less than 10 ms) and reliability (higher than 99.99%). For sporadic traffic, such demands can be satisfied with a distributed channel access method called ...
Added: May 30, 2023
E. M. Khayrov, V. A. Prosvirov, Platonova A., , in: Distributed Computer and Communication Networks: Control, Computation, Communications: 25th International Conference, DCCN 2022, Moscow, Russia, September 26–29, 2022, Revised Selected Papers.: Switzerland: Springer, 2022. Ch. 13 P. 161–175.
The introduction of integrated access and backhaul (IAB) technology in beyond 5G systems will result in multiple wireless backhaul links between the user equipment (UE) and the base station (BS). This configuration motivates the research into traffic at the packet level to evaluate the quality of service (QoS) provided to users. At the same time, ...
Added: May 19, 2023
E. Khorov, A. Krasilov, M. Susloparov et al., IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2023 Vol. 25 No. 4 P. 2862–2891
Emerging wireless systems target to provide multi-Gbps data rates for each user, which can be achieved by utilizing ultra-wide channels available at mmWave, terahertz, and lightwave frequencies. In contrast to the traditional spectrum below 6 GHz, these high-frequency bands raise many issues, complicating their usage. For example, because of high signal attenuation and blockage by ...
Added: December 23, 2022