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«Люторы» и «жидове» в конфессиональной картине мира православных книжников Великого княжества Литовского второй половины XVI в.
The article examines the phenomenon of accusing Protestants of Judaism within the context of Orthodox scholarship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the second half of the 16th century. Such accusations prompted a study of the “Lutors” in this region, suggesting that they had adopted Jewish ideas of Orthodox Christians. This article employs discourse analysis to investigate the accusatory passages used by Orthodox polemicists, aiming to uncover the roots of their religious criticism of Protestants. The analysis seeks to clarify the roles of “Lutors” and “Jews” in the Orthodox worldview of the 16th century. The author reviews Orthodox polemical texts targeting Protestants, Hussites, and local “heretics,” leading to the identification of a synonymy between the terms “Lutor” and “Jew.” This association, as posited by polemicists, stems from both groups’ shared commitment to iconoclastic ideas. This tendency is characteristic of the polemical literature of Muscovite Rus’. The Orthodox perception of iconoclasts as restorers of Judaism is reflected in the Byzantine Chronicle of George Amartol, a contemporary of the iconoclastic disputes. Furthermore, equating Jews and Protestants emerged as a strategic polemical device, positioning “Lutors” as primary adversaries of the Orthodox Church.