?
Процедурная справедливость и отношение к политической системе: роль воспринимаемых внутренних и внешних угроз
Empirical studies conducted in different countries of the world indicate that the assessment of the degree of compliance of politicians and political institutions with procedural justice norms is positively associated with the attitude towards them. However, all these studies pay little attention to the factors that moderate this relationship. The article considers one of such factors — perceived threat. The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between the perceived procedural fairness of politicians and political institutions, the attitude towards the political system and the perceived threats caused by processes both within the country (internal threats) and in the international sphere (external threats). The study was conducted in Russia and included cross-sectional and experimental stages. Having confirmed the presence of a positive relationship between perceived procedural justice and attitude towards the political system, the study showed that perceived internal and external threats possess different associations with the attitude towards the political system: while perceived internal threats contribute to the deterioration of the attitude towards the political system, the external ones — to its improvement. At the same time, the authors find that perceived procedural justice and perceived threats interact with each other: the presence of an internal threat strengthens the correlation between perceived procedural justice and attitudes toward the political system, while the presence of an external threat weakens it. The authors explain the origins of these effects by the attribution of responsibility. If external actors are to blame for the problems that gave rise to the threat, people begin to hope for protection from their state, which prompts them, on the one hand, to grant its representatives a “credit of trust”, and on the other hand, to put up with various violations of procedural justice norms. If internal political agents are responsible for these problems, people have less trust in them and an increased desire to control their actions.