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Детерминация дисфункционального дыхания психологическим неблагополучием в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Какие психологические переменные опосредуют эту связь?
Purpose. Сomparative analysis of personality traits contribution and representations about the coronavirus and the COVID-19 pandemic in determining the occurrence and severity of dysfunctional breathing (DB) symptoms by psychological distress in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods. The methodological set included socio-demographic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale-10 questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the "Perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic" questionnaire, the Nijmegen Questionnaire to assess the severity of DB, the Russian version of the HEXACO-24 six-factor personality questionnaire. Empirical data collection took place from 04/27/2020 until 12/31/2020. The sample consisted of 1,362 uninfected Russian-speaking respondents (with an average age of 38.3±11.4 years), 85% of which were women.
Results. To explain the impact of psychological distress on DB, with the mediating influence of personality traits and representations about the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic, four pathway models were constructed using structural modeling. Models analysis showed that personality traits were more likely to explain the impact of psychological distress on DB compared to representations about the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic. Personality traits such as "Benevolence", "Extroversion" and "Consciousness" can be considered protective in terms of the occurrence of dysfunctional breathing when stress and anxiety occur, while such traits such as "Emotionality" and "Openness to experience", on the contrary, modulate the influence of psychological distress on DB. It was shown that the model in which psychological disadvantage determines DD in simultaneous mediation by both personality traits and representations about the COVID-19 had the greatest explanatory power. However, when combined with personality traits, only one of the three aspects of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic representations, the "Fear of Unknown Disease" component, contributes to explaining this influence of psychological distress on DB. On its positive pole lies the search for bodily sensations of the coronavirus and on its negative pole stands the understanding of the pandemic.