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Preparing a commercial quantum key distribution system for certification against implementation loopholes
Makarov V., Abrikosov A., Chaiwongkhot P., Fedorov A., Huang A., Kiktenko E., Petrov M., Ponosova A., Ruzhitskaya D., Tayduganov A., Trefilov D., Zaitsev K.
In press
A commercial quantum key distribution (QKD) system needs to be formally certified to enable its wide deployment. The certification should include the system’s robustness against known implementation loopholes and attacks that exploit them. Here we ready a fiber-optic QKD system for this procedure. The system has a prepare-and-measure scheme with decoy-state BB84 protocol, polarisation encoding, qubit source rate of 312.5 MHz, and is manufactured by QRate in Russia. We detail its hardware and post-processing. We analyse the hardware for any possible implementation loopholes and discuss countermeasures. We then amend the system design to address the highest-risk loopholes identified. We also work out technical requirements on the certification lab and outline its possible structure.
Priority areas:
engineering science
Language:
English
Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2026.
This volume presents the Proceedings of the 34th IUPAP Conference on Computational Physics (CCP2023), held in Kobe, Japan on August 4–8, 2023. It offers a collection of peer-reviewed articles that highlight recent developments in computational and simulation research across various areas of physics. Key topics include the use of data science, quantum computing, and machine ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Goncharov A., Chibisov A., Advanced Theory and Simulations 2023 Vol. 12 No. 13 Article 2200816
Designing stable quantum computers with the ability to correct errors responsibly requires a detailed understanding of the physical processes that underlie these devices. In this study, detailed quantum mechanical simulations of the atomic structure, charge distribution of electron density, and distribution and orientation of magnetic and quantum states as a function of applied external pressure ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Chibisov A., Gnidenko A., Chibisova M. et al., FlatChem 2023 Vol. 41 Article 100533
Manufacturing precise quantum computers with small errors in quantum operations, long coherence times, and low power consumption is the most important challenge in modern nanoelectronics. To understand the operating modes of such calculators in detail, both the optimal arrangement of the qubit system within the structure and changes in its magnetic properties must be comprehensively ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Wu Z., Yu Y., Chibisov A., Materials Today Energy 2023 Vol. 37 Article 101414
The limited availability of lithium metal resources has led to the development of sodium/potassium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of sodium/potassium. However, finding suitable cathode materials with high capacity, stable cycling performance, and efficient electrochemical interface is still challenging. Herein, the honeycomb layered structures of P2-type A2Ni2TeO6 (A = Na, K) have been explored ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Prokhorenko A., Chibisov A., Gnidenko A. et al., The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2024 Vol. 15 No. 41 P. 10295–10300
The development of ultrathin magnets with tunable magnetic properties is essential for advancing quantum computing technologies. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the atomic and electronic structures of a ZnO monolayer embedded with cobalt atoms. The impact of spin dynamics on charge transfer within the Co:ZnO system was thoroughly ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Chibisov A., Chibisova M., Modern Electronic Materials 2025 Vol. 71 P. 99–103
The problem of creating energy-efficient quantum computers capable of performing quantum operations without errors is a significant scientific challenge in modern nanoelectronics. This type of computer can be developed using quantum transistors that contain hole qubits and are capable of performing operations on them. Hole qubits are a promising technology for quantum computers due to ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Tyagi V., Srivastava A., Mangal A. et al., Surfaces and Interfaces 2025 Vol. 73 Article 107591
The present work reports the suitability of Functionalized graphene sheet as a sensing material for detecting the diabetes biomarker acetone from Exhaled breath. The adsorption of Acetone on Boron/Nitrogen doped graphene sheet has been investigated using the Density Functional theory (DFT). The interaction between acetone and the graphene surface has been investigated in terms of ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Bulakh S., Chibisov A., Srivastava A., Russian Microelectronics 2026 Vol. 55 P. 311–315
The effect of sulfur vacancies on the electronic structure of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) methods implemented in the VASP software package. The ideal structure and systems with one and two sulfur vacancies and various options of defect localization in the MoS2 structure have been discussed. A ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Vangapandu E., Agrawal S., Kumar S. et al., Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2026 Vol. 211 Article 110752
Silicides are widely used as local interconnects in integrated circuits (ICs); thus, their nanostructures shall enjoy significant process compatibility with the IC technology. This work reports the utilization of Gold (Au), copper (Cu), and aluminium (Al)-based mono-silicide nanotubes (zig-zag (ZZ) and armchair (AC)) for nanoscale interconnect applications, through a material-device-circuit co-modelling approach. These nanotubes exhibit ...
Added: October 10, 2026
Stepanyants V., Andrey V. Fizulin, Chibirov A. et al., FUTURE TRANSPORTATION 2026 Vol. 6 No. 5 Article 225
Reliable Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) evaluation requires propagation models that represent terrain and multilevel infrastructure. Most integrated vehicular simulators still rely on planar models, but the magnitude of the resulting bias is unclear. This study quantitatively compares flattened two-dimensional (2D) and terrain-aware three-dimensional (3D) variants of three scenarios using identical Sionna RT settings. The pipeline combines OpenStreetMap ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Ozhegov R., Махлуф М., Goltsman G. et al., Инженерная физика 2026 № 8 С. 27–39
This paper investigates the theoretical limits of object detection within isotropic scattering media using single-photon lidar. Within a simplified model, we derive the fundamental relationship between the maximum attainable detection range and the required photon count per pulse. Two distinct limiting regimes are analyzed: the ballistic photon regime, which maintains high spatial resolution but necessitates ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Didenkulova E., Chugunov V., Didenkulova I., Wave Motion 2026 Vol. 147 Article 103787
This work presents a new analytical solution of the shallow water theory for cylindrical propagation of long tsunami-like waves in the basin of variable depth. Considered model cases are related to tsunami wave propagation from an asteroid fallen into the sea, or from underwater volcanic eruptions. The corresponding bottom geometries represent radially symmetric obstacles such ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Beck M. E., Seidov S., Mukhin S., Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics 2026 Vol. 113 No. 6 Article 063706
Quantum dissipation is studied in the superradiant phase of the extended Dicke model. It is demonstrated analytically by quantum mechanical derivation of the Lindblad equation for the Dicke model in the superradiant state coupled to Caldeira-Leggett thermal bath that the effective viscosity appearing in the semiclassical equations of motion of polaritonic condensate survives in the zero-temperature limit ...
Added: August 13, 2026
Гущина В. А., / Series chemrxiv-2023-vpzhz-v2 "ChemRxiv". 2023.
All-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 nanoparticles are being intensively studied due to their unique properties and wide range of applications; however, however, the nature of their optical properties is not yet fully understood due to the difficulty of synthesis of singlephase nanoparticles. In this article we describe the features of the synthesis of single-phase particles ...
Added: May 14, 2026
Pilé I., Deng Y., Shchur L., / Series arXiv "math". 2026. No. 2604.10254.
We investigate the spatial overlap of successive spin configurations in Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations using the local Metropolis algorithm and the Svendsen-Wang and Wolff cluster algorithms. We examine the dynamics of these algorithms for two models in different universality classes: the Ising model and the Potts model with three components. The overlap of two ...
Added: April 20, 2026
N A Vovk, Shibalov M. V., Dryazgov M. A. et al., Superconductor Science and Technology 2025 Vol. 38 No. 10 Article 105009
This work describes research and development of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) integrated with a parabolic mirror fabricated in a silicon wafer by focused ion beam etching. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations of the electromagnetic field distribution within the mirror and on its surface, the geometry of the molybdenum mirror was designed for efficient collection ...
Added: March 1, 2026
Ponosova A., Zhluktova I., Ruzhitskaya D. et al., Applied Physics Letters 2025 Vol. 127 No. 19 P. 194002
Quantum key distribution systems offer cryptographic security, provided that all their components are thoroughly characterized. However, certain components might be vulnerable to laser-damage attacks, particularly when subjected to untested laser parameters. Here, we show that exposing 1550-nm fiber-optic isolators to 1061-nm sub-nanosecond pulsed illumination with 1.16 W average power permanently degrades their isolation performance at ...
Added: December 5, 2025
Daniil Trefilov, Sixto X., Zapatero V. et al., Optica Quantum 2025 Vol. 3 No. 5 P. 417–431
The decoy-state method is a prominent approach to enhance the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that operate with weak coherent laser sources. Due to the limited transmissivity of single photons in optical fiber, current experimental decoy-state QKD setups increase their secret key rate by raising the repetition rate of the transmitter. However, this ...
Added: September 20, 2025
Dmitriev A. Y., Vasenin A. V., Gunin S. A. et al., Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics 2025 Vol. 111 No. 4 Article 043715
A cascade of two-level superconducting artificial atoms—a source and a probe—strongly coupled to a semi-infinite waveguide is a promising tool for observing nontrivial phenomena in quantum nonlinear optics. The probe atom can scatter an antibunched radiation emitted from the source, thereby generating a field with specific properties. We experimentally demonstrate wave mixing between nonclassical light ...
Added: June 21, 2025
V. I. Morozov, O. O. Evsyutin, S. I. Nefedov, Problems of Information Transmission 2025 Vol. 61 No. 1 P. 8–26
One of the main applications of quantum communication is quantum key distribution, which solves the problem of secure distribution of cryptographic keys between remote users. This paper investigates the performance of a phase-time coding quantum key distribution protocol belonging to the BB84 protocol family. We construct a simulation model that takes into account the peculiarities ...
Added: April 22, 2025
Makarov V., Abrikosov A., Chaiwongkhot P. et al., Physical Review Applied 2024 Vol. 22 No. 4 P. 044076-1–044076-34
A commercial quantum key distribution (QKD) system needs to be formally certified to enable its wide deployment. The certification should include the system’s robustness against known implementation loopholes and attacks that exploit them. Here we ready a fiber-optic QKD system for this procedure. The system has a prepare-and-measure scheme with decoy-state BB84 protocol, polarization encoding, ...
Added: December 8, 2024
Kagan M., Silkin V. M., Efremov D. V., / Series arXiv "math". 2024. No. 2411.12836.
In this study, we analyze the dielectric function of high-Tc cuprates as a function of doping level, taking into account the full energy band dispersion within the CuO2 monolayer. In addition to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) gapless plasmon mode, our findings reveal the existence of three anomalous branches within the plasmon spectrum. Two of these branches ...
Added: November 27, 2024
Influence of anisotropy on the study of critical behavior of spin models by machine learning methods
Sukhoverkhova D., Shchur L., / Series arXiv "math". 2024. No. 2410.14523.
In this paper, we applied a deep neural network to study the issue of knowledge transferability between statistical mechanics models. The following computer experiment was conducted. A convolutional neural network was trained to solve the problem of binary classification of snapshots of the Ising model's spin configuration on a two-dimensional lattice. During testing, snapshots of ...
Added: October 21, 2024
Лескина Э. И., Юрист 2022 № 11 С. 2–6
The development of end-to-end technologies is a priority for many states. The Russian Federation is no exception. The amount of data is growing exponentially every day, and one of the priority tasks is to ensure proper data protection, to ensure information security in general. Quantum technologies are able to provide such security, as well as ...
Added: October 2, 2024