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МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЯ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЮ НИЗКОКАЧЕСТВЕННОЙ И ФАЛЬСИФИЦИРОВАННОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ
Under the influence of globalization, manufacturers of medical products are forced to revise the economic efficiency of their activities. This leads to a significant increase in the number of participants at all stages — from the moment of development and production to getting into health care institutions, while states, regardless the level of their economic development, are not able to provide the proper control level of the entire chain of medical products’ circulation. The results of a WHO study in 2018 shows that the prevalence of counterfeit products is about 10% of the total global turnover of medical products. Access to safe, high-quality and effective medical products is an essential element in ensuring the proper quality of medical care, as well as the realization of the right of everyone to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, as articulated in the provisions of the fundamental acts of a universal and regional nature. The access to safe medical products is an important element in achieving the UN development goals. However, despite the high relevance of this problem, the activities of international organizations in this area remain extremely fragmented, which does not allow development of comprehensive solutions to counter the proliferation of counterfeit medical products. At the same time, high activity in counteracting counterfeit medical products is undertaken at the level of regional organizations, which is a trigger for the harmonization and convergence of national legislation for the introduction of common standards for countering the distribution of counterfeit medical products. The article analyzes the main prerequisites that contribute to the increase in the distribution of falsified and low-quality products, provides an assessment of the impact of these processes on the implementation of sustainable development goals, as well as the implementation of fundamental human rights. The author consolidates the main stages in the formation of terminological foundations regarding counterfeit and poor-quality products within the framework of acts of international organizations, identifies the main trends in the field of international cooperation to counter this threat and also develops recommendations for improving the effectiveness of international organizations. Special attention is paid to the issue of harmonization and convergence of national legislations in relation to countering the falsification of medical products in the framework of the activities of regional integration associations: European Union, Council of Europe, Eurasian Economic Union. The author analyzes the main directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation regarding the development of control and supervision activities to prevent the appearance of falsified and substandard medical products, and also provides an overview of the development of national legislation in this area in recent years.