?
РОЛЬ МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Currently, technology is the main tool for ensuring human well-being. The issues of technology transfer are identified in various international and regional agreements in different areas of international law, what emphasizes the key importance of regulating technology transfer in achieving sustainable development goals. Among main technology dependent SDGs should be mentioned access to water and sanitation, development of renewable energy sources, the creation of safe, sustainable and environmentally sustainable settlements, the transition to rational patterns of consumption and production, ensuring the protection of ecosystems. It is important to mention that the uncontrolled use of technology can cause significant restrictions on the implementation of human rights, especially of vulnerable categories of the population. Today, at the level of international organizations, as well as in academia, there is no consensus regarding the definition of technology. The article analyzes various approaches to the definition of “technology” and “technology transfer” formed by researchers of various specialties, as well as the position of international organizations regarding the interpretation of these terms. Based on this analysis the author forms a proposal for a unified definition of technology transfer. Guided by the importance of access to technology in achieving almost all of the sustainable development goals, the author analyzes the main stages of improving the regulation of technology transfer in the activities of international and regional organizations. Special attention is paid to the issue of correlation of state interests, transnational corporations and the individual in the implementation of standards in the field of protection of intellectual property rights in the context of expanding access to technology. The article assesses the impact of TRIPS flexible mechanisms, as well as the provisions of bilateral trade agreements on the creation of favorable conditions for the exchange of technologies. Focusing on the problem of access to technology in the provision of medical and social assistance, the author analyzes the correlation between the right to the highest attainable standard of health and the right to access the achievements of the scientific congress in international and regional agreements