«Поставьте сзади меня пулемет»: настроения и поведение узников Колтубанского фильтрационного лагеря НКВД (1942–1943 гг.)

Уральский исторический вестник. 2023. № 1. С. 176–184.

Latyshev A.

The article examines the mood and behavior of the Red Army soldiers who were Ήltered into the Koltuban  NKVD  camp  in  1942–1943,  returned  from  enemy  captivity  or  lived  in  the  occupied territory for a long time. An assessment is given of the reliability and completeness of the NKVD data on their thoughts and actions. The survey of sentiments is based on the statements recorded in the reports of the political department of the camp. The author reveals the inmates’ desire to get to the front as soon as possible, their demands to speed up the Ήltration, dissatisfaction with the futility of their stay in the camp to win the war, but also statements about their consent to remain in the camp until the end of the war. The NKVD data on the behavior of inmates are analyzed: violations of the regime, attitude to work, circumstances of absences, escapes and suicides. Among the  prisoners,  groups  with  special  behavior  were  singled  out:  women,  command  staff,  persons who held lower administrative positions. The data on the interactions and conΈicts of prisoners with each other are considered, the tension in the relations between the bulk of the prisoners and the  camp  servants  is  highlighted.  In  the  moods  and  behavior  of  the  Koltuban  camp  prisoners, what is common and unique in comparison with other Ήltration camps is traced. Conclusions are 
drawn about the evolution of the identity of the prisoners during the Ήltration, the degree of their acceptance of the idea of guilt for misbehavior on the battleΉeld, the impact on these processes of the special conditions of the Koltuban camp.

Keywords: Вторая мировая война, prisoners of war, военнопленные, the mass moods, массовые настроения, Second World War, NKVD filtration camps, фильтрационные лагеря НКВД