Условия развития и блокады сочувствия к себе

Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал. 2023. Т. 16. № 88. Статья 5.

Янченко А. А., Nartova-Bochaver S. K.

The presented research is devoted to the study of the development of self-attitude, which is expressed by self-compassion and compassion fatigue and manifests itself in difficult life situations. The analysis of the interviews (N = 19) by grounded theory method allowed to describe the process of change of the self-attitude, highlighting its causal and contextual conditions, action and interaction strategies, as well as the consequences. It was shown that self-compassion development, as well as compassion fatigue, has no expressed age sensitivity and depends on quality of interpersonal relations which can be the reason of these changes. Thus, realization of the opposite, atypical for the person self-attitude, i.e. change of dominating attitude in a concrete difficult situation, depends on such properties of this situation, as controllability, duration, globality, novelty and degree of caused subjective tension. Moreover, the functional meaning of self-criticism was revealed: a person regains control over the situation, reduces anxiety and more effectively achieves results in the short term. At the same time, if self-compassion leads to the reduction of stress, orientation to the solution of the problem and reflection of oneself in the context of the situation, then the consequence of self-criticism in the long run is demotivation, avoidance, and paralysis (stupor). The results of research are consistent with K. Neff's structural model of self-compassion. It also enriches the knowledge of self-compassion and allows to understand better the mechanism of the interventions directed on development of this quality.

Keywords: self-attitude, grounded theory method, метод обоснованной теории, self-compassion, self-criticism, установка по отношению к себе, самокритика