• A
  • A
  • A
  • АБВ
  • АБВ
  • АБВ
  • A
  • A
  • A
  • A
  • A
Обычная версия сайта
  • RU
  • EN
  • HSE University
  • Publications
  • Articles
  • Государь: история и этимология слова
  • RU
  • EN
Расширенный поиск
Высшая школа экономики
Национальный исследовательский университет
Priority areas
  • business informatics
  • economics
  • engineering science
  • humanitarian
  • IT and mathematics
  • law
  • management
  • mathematics
  • sociology
  • state and public administration
by year
  • 2028
  • 2027
  • 2026
  • 2025
  • 2024
  • 2023
  • 2022
  • 2021
  • 2020
  • 2019
  • 2018
  • 2017
  • 2016
  • 2015
  • 2014
  • 2013
  • 2012
  • 2011
  • 2010
  • 2009
  • 2008
  • 2007
  • 2006
  • 2005
  • 2004
  • 2003
  • 2002
  • 2001
  • 2000
  • 1999
  • 1998
  • 1997
  • 1996
  • 1995
  • 1994
  • 1993
  • 1992
  • 1991
  • 1990
  • 1989
  • 1988
  • 1987
  • 1986
  • 1985
  • 1984
  • 1983
  • 1982
  • 1981
  • 1980
  • 1979
  • 1978
  • 1977
  • 1976
  • 1975
  • 1974
  • 1973
  • 1972
  • 1971
  • 1970
  • 1969
  • 1968
  • 1967
  • 1966
  • 1965
  • 1964
  • 1963
  • 1958
  • More
Subject
News
October 1, 2026
HSE Researchers Show How Congenital Motor Disorders Affect Brain Development
Researchers from HSE University’s Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience have synthesised the findings of their previous studies on brain development in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy and arthrogryposis. Their analysis shows that impaired motor function in early childhood not only limits children’s motor experience but also affects memory, categorical thinking, and information processing. The study has been published in Frontiers in Psychology.
October 1, 2026
Window into the Body: Scientists Develop Neural Network to Detect Risk of 15 Diseases from Retinal Images
Russian universities, with the participation of HSE University, Sber, and Z-union, have developed a neural network that can simultaneously assess the risk of 15 types of pathology from retinal photographs, including not only eye diseases but also cardiovascular conditions. The AI system can help clinicians detect potentially concerning changes at an early stage, identify signs reflecting the condition of retinal blood vessels, and determine whether a patient may need further examination. The paper has been published in Frontiers in Medicine.
September 30, 2026
'We Did Not Limit the Time for Questions'
The International Laboratory for Supercomputer Atomistic Modelling and Multi-Scale Analysis at HSE University held a major conference on molecular dynamics. Participants had the opportunity to attend all the presentations, while speakers were given as much time as they needed to answer questions. The HSE News Service interviewed Grigory Smirnov, Head of the Laboratory, and Genri Norman, Chief Research Fellow, about the conference preparations and the discussions it generated.

 

Have you spotted a typo?
Highlight it, click Ctrl+Enter and send us a message. Thank you for your help!

Publications
  • Books
  • Articles
  • Chapters of books
  • Working papers
  • Report a publication
  • Research at HSE

?

Государь: история и этимология слова

Вопросы языкознания. 2023. № 1. С. 7–18.
Uspensky B. A.

In the first half of the 15th century, the word gospodar’ appears in the title of the Grand Princes of Muscovy. In the 16th–17th centuries, gospodar’ was replaced by gosudar’. How did these terms correlate? When exactly and how did this change take place? All researchers, without exception, believed that gosudar’ is the result of a transformation of the word gospodar’, but none of them could explain how it could happen. Meanwhile, these words, apparently, are not related at all: gosudar’ and gospo­ dar’ have different origin, and one form cannot be received from the other. Gospodar’ is obviously connected with such words as Gospod’ ‘Lord’, gospodin ‘master’, etc.; but what is the origin of the word gosudar’? The article offers a solution to this question.

Research target: Philology and Linguistics
Language: Russian
Full text
DOI
Keywords: русский языкэтимологиятитулetymology Russian Languagetitulary
Similar publications
Nomos e poikilía dell'Essere. Genesi metafisica del molteplice. Una deduzione schellinghiana
Dezi A., Sesto San Giovanni: Mimesis, 2026.
This book is a metaphysical inquiry into the nature and origin of the manifold. Taking Schelling’s Erlangen lectures of 1820–1821 as its point of departure and hermeneutic horizon, it develops an interpretation of Nomos that transcends its political, juridical, and social determinations. Nomos thereby emerges as the ontological principle of an infinite, variegated multiplicity of ...
Added: October 2, 2026
Файзов, Д. оии: стихи 2024-2026 годов / Данил Файзов; предисл. М. Павловца. М.: Новое литературное обозрение, 2026. — 160 с. (Серия «Новая поэзия»)
Файзов Д., М.: Новое литературное обозрение, 2026.
Новая книга Д. Файзова пронизана голосами других поэтов. Речь не о расхожей постмодернистской центонности. Это микроинтертекстуальность на уровне конкретных слов и приемов, коллаж осколков чужих голосов, однако таких осколков, которые сохраняют способность отсылать к целому и к тому же вписаны — вклеены на манер аппликации — в узнаваемую интонацию самого поэта. Данил Файзов—поэт, культуртрегер, редактор. ...
Added: October 2, 2026
Имена и письмена. К юбилею Анны Абрамовны Пичхадзе
М.: Институт русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова РАН, 2026.
Сборник, посвященный юбилею Анны Абрамовны Пичхадзе, содержит научные исследования, тематически связанные со сферой ее научных интересов. Статьи о грамматическом строе русского языка и его развитии, об этимологии и истории слов, истории славянской письменности и текстологии древних памятников отражают современные методы и подходы в изучении этих вопросов. Для специалистов и широкого круга интересующихся историей русского языка ...
Added: October 2, 2026
Manuscript tradition of Kallistos Angelikoudes’ Hesychastic consolation: myths and realities of a fluid text
Vinogradov A., Rodionov O., Travaux et Memoires 2026 Vol. 30 No. 2 P. 1075–1089
This article examines the manuscript tradition of Kallistos Angelikoudes’ Hesychastic consolation, a fluid and complex corpus of thirty Logoi preserved primarily in Vat. gr. 736. The authors survey all known witnesses—including the autograph Barb. gr. 420, the Lond. Arund. 520, and several later copies—and analyze their textual relationships, variant readings, and codicological features. They demonstrate ...
Added: October 1, 2026
Какой национальности лицо? Семантика и прагматика одной конструкции
Громенко Е. С., Krongauz M., Антропологический форум 2026 № 70 С. 163–183
The paper describes the construction litso takoy-to natsionalnosti ‘a person of such-and-such an ethnicity’ in Russian with its semantic and pragmatic characteristics. The purpose of the study is to trace the appearance of the construction and analyse how it is used and how it is perceived. Three expressions representing this construction are considered in more ...
Added: September 30, 2026
Kildin Saami negation is not where you would expect it
Поцелуев В. А., Ural-Altaic Studies 2026 Vol. 62 No. 3 P. 62–81
In recent years, the researchers working on Uralic languages within Minimalism seem to have built a consensus on how to define the position of negation in any language with a negative verb. The main and usually the only argument is based on the work [Mitchell 2006]. The argument is as follows: if the negative verb expresses tense, ...
Added: September 30, 2026
Наука о языке - Новые горизонты. Коллективная монография к юбилеям доктора филологических наук, профессора Ольги Ивановны Максименко, доктора филологических наук, профессора Георгия Теймуразовича Хухуни
Государственный университет просвещения, 2026.
Настоящее издание представляет собой коллективный труд, посвящённый юбилеям основателей-руководителей научных школ лингвистического факультета Государственного университета просвещения Максименко Ольги Ивановны, доктора филологических наук, профессора, профессора кафедры теории языка, англистики и прикладной лингвистики, Председателя диссертационного совета 72.2.020.05 и Хухуни Георгия Теймуразовича, доктора филологических наук, профессора, профессора кафедры теории языка, англистики и прикладной лингвистики. Цель издания – обобщение современных достижений в ...
Added: September 29, 2026
Postnominal numerals are over-specified in referential communication: Evidence from Thai in comparison to Russian
Zevakhina N., Щипкова А. А., Chinkova A., Voprosy Jazykoznanija 2025 No. 2 P. 105–122
This paper presents experimental evidence for the over-specification (redundant use) of Thai postnominal numerals in referential communication. The first experiment reveals high rates of over-specification in oral responses that include Thai postnominal and Russian prenominal numerals tested in a contrastive multi-number visual context. The second experiment demonstrates lower but still relatively high rates of over-specification in written responses that ...
Added: September 29, 2026
Прагматика употреблений глагола resultar ‘оказываться’ для выражения эвиденциальных значений и нового знания в испанских академических текстах
Вилинбахова Е. Л., Zevakhina N., Terra Linguistica 2025 Т. 16 № 3 С. 13–30
Настоящая работа посвящена исследованию употреблений испанского глагола resultar ‘оказываться’ в рамках эвиденциального подхода и подхода возникновения нового знания, представленных в литературе. Согласно первому подходу, глагол resultar передает инферентивное значение: субъект оценки делает умозаключение на основании наблюдаемых результатов. Сторонники второго подхода считают основным компонентом семантики глагола возникновение нового знания, а инферентивное значение объясняется воздействием других элементов контекста. В работе каждый ...
Added: September 29, 2026
The role of extralinguistic knowledge in the derivation of scalar implicatures
Zevakhina N., Пономарева П., Краснощёкова С., Acta linguistica Petropolitana 2025 Vol. 21 No. 2 P. 270–286
The paper reports on an experimental study that reveals a difference between two types of under-informative utterances with the quantifier “nekotoryj” (‘some’) in Russian. The experiment was conducted as an inference task based on [Geurts, Pouscoulous 2009; Val Tiel et al. 2016] with some modifications. The experiment showed that both types of utterances more often have inference-based interpretations rather than ...
Added: September 29, 2026
A combination of properties of direct, indirect, and free indirect discourse: A case study of the Russian particle “mol”
Zevakhina N., Voprosy Jazykoznanija 2026 No. 3 P. 54–70
The paper demonstrates that the Russian particle mol exhibits a combination of properties associated with direct, indirect, and free indirect discourse (FID). First, mol-clauses license shiftable linguistic items (adverbial indexicals, expressive speech acts, imperatives, evaluative lexical items) not only in FID, as typically assumed for such linguistic items, but also in indirect discourse. Second, first- and second-person pronouns in ...
Added: September 29, 2026
Interrogatives and exclamatives with multiple wh-phrases in Russian: An experimental study of grammatical acceptability and felicitousness of interpretations
Sigdel E., Zevakhina N., Krasnoschekova S., Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 2026 Vol. 23 No. 1 P. 217–234
The paper investigates Russian interrogatives and exclamatives with multiple wh-phrases based on two experiments, with additional support of the data from the Russian National Corpus. Since exclamatives are often viewed parallel to interrogatives, it is important to study both types of clauses with multiple wh-phrases alongside and to look for similarities and/or differences in their ...
Added: September 29, 2026
Embedded wh-exclamatives? Evidence from Russian quotation particle “mol” and complementizer “ˇcto”
Zevakhina N., Studi slavistici 2026 Vol. 23 No. 1 P. 111–126
Using syntactic embeddability diagnostics, the paper demonstrates that Russian wh-exclamatives with the quotation particle mol and/or with the complementizer čto are embeddable and thus contributes to the ongoing theoretical and cross-linguistic discussion of embedded wh-exclamatives and their (in)subordination status. This analysis is applicable to rhetorical questions (with the quotation particle mol and/or with the complementizer čto), which are traditionally ...
Added: September 29, 2026
Роль порядка контролера и мишени в обработке согласования по роду и числу: экспериментальное исследование на материале русского языка
Slioussar N., Antropova D., В кн.: Компьютерная лингвистика и интеллектуальные технологии: По материалам ежегодной международной конференции «Диалог». Выпуск 24Issue 24.: M.: Max press, 2026. С. 590–597.
Agreement feature processing is one of the core issues of psycholinguistics. Previous studies mainly focused on number and gender features and obtained controversial results: in some studies, gender was more salient in processing, while in others number was more salient. The studies relied on different languages, used different constructions and different methods. The goal of ...
Added: September 28, 2026
Constructions Built of Constructions: Intensified Comparatives
Zhukova V., Ekaterina Rakhilina, Akhapkina Y., Zeitschrift fur Slawistik 2026 Vol. 71 No. 2 P. 259–284
This study examines the most numerous type of construction presented in the Russian Constructicon, namely intensifiers. We studied intensifiers in the context of comparative constructions of inequality like Х bol’še Y‘X is bigger than Y’ –> Х gorazdo bol’še Y‘X is much bigger than Y’. Comparative constructions and intensifiers are usually studied separately since they ...
Added: September 4, 2026
RusLan-M: Technical Design and Processing Pipeline of a Longitudinal Multimedia Corpus of Russian Child Speech
Lelik V., Diachkova M., Dorofeeva S. et al., , in: Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies: Proceedings of the International Conference “Dialogue 2026”.: M.: Russian State University for the Humanitie, 2026. P. 338–344.
This paper presents RusLan-M (v.1.0), an open-access longitudinal multimedia corpus of spontaneous early child speech in Russian, designed for corpus-based research. The corpus consists of video recordings of naturalistic childcaregiver interaction, transcribed and annotated in the CHAT format and publicly available in the CHILDES database. We describe the process of corpus creation, data collection, cleaning ...
Added: September 2, 2026
Сервисы автоматического распознавания речи на русском языке: исследование качества и инклюзивности на примере датасета RuAphasiaBank
Kolmogorova A., Явшиц Е. В., Никольская О. Н. et al., Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: Лингвистика и межкультурная коммуникация 2026 Т. 24 № 1 С. 113–127
Технологии автоматического распознавания речи (АРР) к настоящему моменту стали базовым компонентом бэкенд-инфраструктуры различных голосовых и когнитивных ассистентов, обеспечивая доступ пользователей к коммерческим сервисам и государственным платформам. Однако из-за неравномерного распределения данных, на которых модели АРР обучаются, острой становится проблема предвзятости моделей при работе с атипичной речью. Цель исследования заключается в оценке качества распознавания и сравнении ...
Added: August 28, 2026
Изучить от корки до корки: история одного интенсификатора
Kharlamova D. S., Русский язык в научном освещении 2024 № 2 (48) С. 129–149
В статье исследуется история возникновения и эволюции идиомы от корки до корки. Мы использовали словарные данные и материалы НКРЯ и Google Books, чтобы установить примерное время появления данного выражения, а также предложить возможные объяснения его происхождения. Развитие конструкции от корки до корки связано с расширением ее сочетаемости: на этом пути можно выделить несколько этапов, которые ...
Added: August 6, 2026
Систематизация равноправных произносительных вариантов в современном русском языке (на материале орфоэпических словарей)
Zubov V., Вопросы лексикографии 2026 № 40 С. 64–86
The article addresses the problem of selecting and systematizing data for the study of pronunciation variation in contemporary Russian and proposes a solution in the form of a specialized database of codified equivalent pronunciation variants (e.g., simmétriya / simmetríya “symmetry”). The article presents a methodology for identifying, selecting, and organizing such variants into a database. ...
Added: July 23, 2026
Тезисы докладов Пятнадцатых Шмелёвских чтений: (К 100-летию со дня рождения академика Дмитрия Николаевича Шмелева):Жизнь слова: Научное наследие академика Д. Н. Шмелева в контексте современности
М.: Институт русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова РАН, 2026.
Сборник тезисов Пятнадцатых Шмелёвских чтений (К 100-летию со дня рождения академика Дмитрия Николаевича Шмелева) Жизнь слова: Научное наследие академика Д. Н. Шмелева в контексте современности. Охватывает разные аспекты современной русистики: от исторической лексикологии до современных трансформаций прагматики и семантики слов. ...
Added: June 23, 2026
Juxtapositional vs. possessive-like encoding in Russian specificational constructions
Skripka N., Russian linguistics 2026 Vol. 50 Article 11
This paper presents the first in-depth corpus-based study of a previously overlooked syntactic variation in Russian: the competition between juxtapositional (Nominative) and possessive-like (Genitive) encoding of the second noun (the term) in specificational constructions (e.g., ponjatie čest’ (notion.NOM honor.NOM) vs. ponjatie česti (notion.NOMhonor.GEN) ‘the notion of honor’). While typological research has established cross-linguistic preferences for one encoding strategy over another, intralinguistic variation ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Дискриминативная лемматизация сокращений в эпоху LLM
Глазкова А. В., Смаль И. В., Lyashevskaya O. et al., Доклады Российской академии наук. Математика, информатика, процессы управления (ранее - Доклады Академии Наук. Математика) 2025 Т. 527 С. 146–155
This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of discriminative methods for abbreviation lemmatization in Russian texts. Unlike generative approaches, discriminative models select the optimal lemma from a fixed set of candidates, eliminating the risk of generating grammatically incorrect word forms. For the first time in Russian language processing, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of ...
Added: March 10, 2026
Rubic2: Ensemble Model for Russian Lemmatization
Afanasev I., Glazkova A., Lyashevskaya O. et al., , in: Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Slavic Natural Language Processing (Slavic NLP 2025).: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2025. P. 157–170.
Pre-trained language models have significantly advanced natural language processing (NLP), particularly in analyzing languages with complex morphological structures. This study addresses lemmatization for the Russian language, the errors in which can critically affect the performance of information retrieval, question answering, and other tasks. We present the results of experiments on generative lemmatization using pre-trained language ...
Added: March 10, 2026
Transformer-based approaches for lemmatizing abbreviations in Russian texts
Glazkova A., Lyashevskaya O., Morozov D. et al., Journal of Mathematical Sciences 2025 Vol. 546 P. 32–47
This paper addresses the task of lemmatizing abbreviations in the Russian language. Abbreviation lemmatization is particularly challenging, as it involves not only transforming a word into its normal form but also correctly expanding the abbreviation. We explore two approaches to this task, both leveraging large pretrained language models. The first approach is generative, where the ...
Added: March 10, 2026
  • About
  • About
  • Key Figures & Facts
  • Sustainability at HSE University
  • Faculties & Departments
  • International Partnerships
  • Faculty & Staff
  • HSE Buildings
  • HSE University for Persons with Disabilities
  • Public Enquiries
  • Studies
  • Admissions
  • Programme Catalogue
  • Undergraduate
  • Graduate
  • Exchange Programmes
  • Summer University
  • Summer Schools
  • Semester in Moscow
  • Business Internship
  • Research
  • International Laboratories
  • Research Centres
  • Research Projects
  • Monitoring Studies
  • Conferences & Seminars
  • Academic Jobs
  • Yasin (April) International Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development
  • Media & Resources
  • Publications by staff
  • HSE Journals
  • Publishing House
  • iq.hse.ru: commentary by HSE experts
  • Library
  • Economic & Social Data Archive
  • Video
  • HSE Repository of Socio-Economic Information
  • HSE1993–2026
  • Contacts
  • Copyright
  • Privacy Policy
  • Site Map
Edit