Neuronal metabolism in learning and memory: the anticipatory activity perspective

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2022. Vol. 137. Article 104664.

Alexandrov Y., Pletnikov M.

Current research on the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory is based on the “stimulus-response”
paradigm, in which the neural circuits connecting environmental events with behavioral responses are
strengthened. By contrast, cognitive and systems neuroscience emphasize the intrinsic activity of the brain that
integrates information, establishes anticipatory actions, executes adaptive actions, and assesses the outcome via
regulatory feedback mechanisms. We believe that the difference in the perspectives of systems and molecular
studies is a major roadblock to further progress toward understanding the mechanisms of learning and memory.
Here, we briefly overview the current studies in molecular mechanisms of learning and memory and propose that
studying the predictive properties of neuronal metabolism will significantly advance our knowledge of how
intrinsic, predictive activity of neurons shapes a new learning event. We further suggest that predictive metabolic
changes in the brain may also take place in non-neuronal cells, including those of peripheral tissues. Finally, we
present a path forward toward more in-depth studies of the role of cell metabolism in learning and memory

Keywords: anticipation, memory, learning activity, Goal-directed behavior