Юридическое лицо как потерпевший в уголовном праве: подходы юридической науки и практики

Журнал российского права. 2022. Т. 26. № 12. С. 133–144.

Balzhinimaeva V., Barysheva K.

A legal entity is a developed legal structure in civil law, while its application in the criminal law sphere causes a lot of controversy, in particular a discussion on status of a legal entity as a victim in criminal law. Traditionally, the victim is considered as a participant in the criminal process. At the same time, based on the temporary moment of the appearance of the "victim" in legal relations, his primary appearance is noted at the time of the commission of a crime within the framework of criminal law. For this reason, it is proposed to consolidate the concept of "victim" in criminal law, including an individual and a legal entity.

The authors of the study, using general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, analogy), consider theoretical approaches and proposals on the status of a legal entity as a victim in criminal law, then moving on to the study of judicial practice.

Keywords: уголовное право, criminal law, юридическое лицо, потерпевший, victim, legal entity, теория фикции, theory of fiction, theory of reality, actual owner, ultimate beneficiary, теория реальности, фактический собственник, конечный бенефициар