Рейды ранних сарматов в Северном Причерноморье по данным эпиграфики и материальной культуры

Stratum Plus. 2020. № 6. С. 203–211.

Shelov-Kovedyaev F. V.

The paper publishes some new and summarizes earlier known evidences demonstrating the presence of the Sarmatians in the North Black Sea Region and Crimea in the 3rd cent. B. C. The new evidence includes: the Attic black lacquer plate from the excavations on acropolis of Panticapaeum with a spell against the Sarmatians cast as late as the end of the 4th cent. B. C.; some traces of abandoning — under Scythian pressure–of the military settlement in the rearward area of Uzunlar Wall and, in similar conditions, of the elite manors of Bondarenkovo Vostochnoie and Manitra on the border of the current city of Kerch; the discovery of Sarmatian kurgans of the 4th cent. B. C. on the Mid Don. The earlier evidence includes: accounts about Sarmatian attacks on the Chersonesos territory in the decrees of Chersonesos ΙOSPE I2 343 & 353; an image of a Sarmatian — cataphractarian on the Nymphaeum fresco at the end of the first quarter of the 3rd cent. B. C.; finds of Bosporan coins and hoards with these coins in Khoresm and Dzungaria in the stratum of the 2nd half of the 3rd cent. B. C.; the fact that the chorae of all of the Hellenic polises in the North Black Sea Region and Crimea were constricted in the 1st — 2nd quarters of the 3rd century B. C. All of these evidences prove that the military and political situation in the North Black Sea steppes had changed at the end of 225—230s B. C. due to the Sarmatian raids. They oppressed the Scythians who, in their turn, oppressed the Greeks.

Keywords: Боспор, Северное Причерноморье, граффити, Bosporus, nomads, кочевники, graffiti, полис, Крым, скифы, Crimea, attack, Hellenes, Scythians, Sarmatians, сарматы, raid, invasion, polis, inscriptions, kurgans, burial place, North Black Sea Region, Middle Don, acropolis, надписи, курганы, могильник, эллины, рейд, набег, вторжение, Средний Дон, акрополь