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Студенты и магистры в Португалии кон. XIII–XV вв.: Формы репрезентации и борьбы за правовой статус
Universities are traditionally regarded as one of the unique creations of the Latin Middle Ages., Medieval intellectuals (that are closely associated with these institutions) are described as a new social group that had a huge impact on the history of the West (for example, in the works by J. Le Goff). However, the most important question is how the novelty of this group was perceived within the framework of the languages of self-description used by medieval society (incl. rhetoric and law). A number of investigations are dedicated to this problem, but they mainly affect the cases of the largest scholastic centers of Europe, esp. Paris. Peripheral universities and members of their corporations, which often reproduced the legal models and self-representation rhetoric of famous universities, are not well studied.
The article considers one of such cases – the formation of a social group of Portuguese intellectuals associated with the university community in the 13th–15th centuries. The Portuguese studium generale was founded between 1288 and 1290 in Lisbon, later it moved repeatedly between the two cities, Lisbon and Coimbra, over the next 100 years. In the 13–15 centuries notions of the role of the university community changed a lot. Based on the analysis of the terminology and forms of representation, the article outlines ways to comprehend the novelty and «antiquity» of medieval university corporations and social groups associated with them.