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Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Sektörel Analizi: OECD Ülkeleri Örneği
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the OECD countries at the sectoral level. We cover five different sectors: power industry, buildings, transport, other industrial combustion, and other. We conduct our empirical analysis for the 28 OECD countries over the period 1971-2018 by using the cointegration tests and mean group estimators. The results reveal that the income-environment nexus varies across sectors. The EKC hypothesis is valid for the power and transport sectors, but not for the buildings, industrial combustion, and other sectors. In other words, the income has an inverted U-shaped impact on environmental degradation only for the power and transport sectors. The effect of urbanization on sectoral emissions is negative for the industry, other, and transport sectors. While energy consumption positively affects sectoral emissions, the effect of globalization on emissions is positive only for the energy sector.