Трансграничный эффект банкротства: институт специального банкротного признания в зарубежном праве и международных стандартах (часть 1)

Закон. 2022. № 8. С. 121–136.

Елена Мохова

The author raises the problem of interests’ balance between foreign collective proceeding, on the one hand, and the interests of the recognizing state and its creditors, on the other. The search for such a balance has led to modern legal landscape in cross-border insolvency, which provide for a controlled multiplicity of proceedings (main and non-main proceedings) within the framework of modified universalism. Thus, the mechanism of recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings should distinguish main and non-main (secondary) proceedings, should provide for different legal consequences when recognizing different types of insolvency proceedings, should allow for the opening of local insolvency proceeding in spite of a recognized foreign one, and also provide for the interaction of main and non-main, as well as local and foreign insolvency proceedings. In the article, the author examines different types of recognition from the point of view of their compliance with modified universalism and achieving the balance  of interests’ of collective proceeding and the recognizing state. Procedural recognition (recognition of foreign court judgment), material recognition (application of conflict of laws rules), factual recognition (acknowledgment as a fact) and insolvency-specific recognition are considered. The author notes the drawbacks of procedural, material and factual recognition, which led countries to develop a special mechanism — insolvency-specific recognition. This type of recognition is characterized by duality, in which bankruptcy proceeding is recognized separately per se and its effect and consequences are assessed separately. Thus, the recognition of decisions commencing foreign bankruptcy proceeding is subject to special rules that differ from the rules on the recognition of final court judgements on civil matters.

Keywords: cross-border insolvency, трансграничная несостоятельность, признание иностранных банкротств, cross-border bankruptcy, main and secondary proceedings, recognition of foreign judgments, modified universalism, recognition of foreign bankruptcies, procedural recognition, insolvency-specific recognition, cross-border effect of bankruptcy, модифицированный универсализм, основное производство, вторичное производство, неосновное производство, процессуальное признание, признание иностранных судебных решений, трансграничный эффект банкротства, специальное банкротное признание