Against Putin and Corruption, for Navalny and the “Revolution”? The Dynamics of Framing and Mobilization in the Russian Political Protests of 2017–18

Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 2022. Vol. 55. No. 1. P. 99–130.

Fomin I., Nadskakuła-Kaczmarczyk O.

This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the nationwide protests that appeared in Russia as a result of the large-scale political campaigns of 2017–18. On the basis of an original database devoted to six protests, organized in this period by different anti-systemic opposition leaders and organizations, the study explores the turnout and geographic scope of these events and the repertoire of frames that were used to mobilize the protesters. The analysis contrasts three types of frames (an anti-corruption protest frame, election campaign event frame, and anti-systemic protest frame) and demonstrates that appropriate framing was a necessary condition of successful protest mobilization. In combination with other factors, such as the quality of protest organization and the impact of repressive actions of the authorities, the changes of protest frames contributed to the protests’ turnout dynamics. Alexei Navalny, the most popular anti-systemic leader, succeeded in organizing the initial mobilization by framing it as an anti-corruption protest, but then, under increasing repression, the opposition failed to convert this dissent into a longer-term campaign with broader electoral or anti-systemic frames.

Keywords: Россия, Russia, акции протеста, protest, framing, political protest, protest slogans, protest symbols, protests turnout, протестные слоганы, протестные символы, численность протестующих