Структурная реформа железных дорог: история успеха или провала?

РЖД-Партнер. 2021. № 24. С. 38–43.

Khusainov F. I.

The article analyzes the implementation of the "Program of structural reform in railway transport", approved in 2001. It is shown that a number of activities have been carried out, in particular, the creation of a competitive market for the operation (management) of freight cars. In this market, private property, unregulated tariffs and competition led to positive consequences - the shortage of rolling stock (freight cars) was eliminated, private investments were attracted, and the increased car fleet made it possible to master the growing freight turnover. At the same time, a number of the most important measures of the Reform Program have not been implemented. Thus, neither private carriers in the field of freight transport appeared, nor any significant share of train locomotives in private ownership. In these segments, where state ownership and monopoly are preserved, stagnation continues and institutional development is practically absent. The article also critically analyzes proposals to return to the management model of a unified car fleet (based on the model of the MPS). The conclusion is made about the need to continue the interrupted reforms.

Keywords: Российские железные дороги, демонополизация, Russian railways, железные дороги, реформа естественной монополии, railway reform, реформа РЖД, reform of Russian railways, операторы подвижного состава, railway