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September 18, 2026
When Pictures Hinder Understanding: Illustrations May Impede Learning of Abstract Ideas
Illustrations can help remember specific actions but do not always make abstract ideas easier to learn. Researchers from HSE University and Humboldt University compared how people learn from texts with different levels of abstractness. They found that participants remembered illustrations better and performed better on related tasks after reading a multimedia text about yoga asanas than after reading an abstract text about the Nash equilibrium. The findings could help improve the selection of illustrations for educational and informational materials. The study has been published in Learning and Instruction.
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Элементы раннего ваххабизма в идеологии Мухаммада Ахмада ал-Махди

Электронный научно-образовательный журнал "История". 2021. Т. 12. № 9. Статья 32.
Kudelin A. A., Фролов К. Д.

The article examines the ideology of the leader of the Mahdist uprising in Sudan at the end of the XIX century, Muhammad Ahmad, who took the title al-Mahdi. The role of elements of Wahhabism, as well as the teachings of Sufi brotherhoods spread in the territory of Sudan, on the ideology of the Mahdists is revealed. Conclusions reached during the study: 1) Muhammad Ahmad's ideology was influenced by the Sufi orders of Senusiyya and Sammaniyya, as well as early Wahhabism; 2) a significant part of the tenets of the Senussi was also drawn from Wahhabism by them; 3) the influence of Wahhabism on the ideology of the Mahdists was much greater than was commonly believed in Soviet and Russian historiography; 4) at the same time, the Wahhabi influence was indirect, since it used methods of Sufism that were close and understandable to the population of Sudan to spread.

Research target: History and Archeology
Language: Russian
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Keywords: WahhabismваххабизмSufismсуфизм
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