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Бифуркации, меняющие тип гетероклинических кривых 3-диффеоморфизма Морса-Смейла
In this paper, we consider the class G of orientation-preserving Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms defined on a closed 3-manifold whose non-wandering set consists of exactly four pairwise distinct Morse indices. It is known that the two-dimensional saddle separatrices of any such diffeomorphism always intersect and their intersection necessarily contains non-compact heteroclinic curves, but may also contain compact ones. The main result of this work is the construction of a path in the space of diffeomorphisms connecting a diffeomorphism f from G with a diffeomorphism f 'from G that does not have compact heteroclinic curves. This result is an important step in solving the open problem of describing the topology of 3-manifolds admitting gradient-like diffeomorphisms with wildly embedded saddle separatrices.