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The Decoration in the Left Aisle of Santa Maria Antiqua in the Context of the Political History of the Iconoclastic Era
P. 357–370.
Grafova M. A.
The topic under consideration is a fresco of the left aisle of the Church of Santa
Maria Antiqua in the Roman Forum. It depicts a row of holy men flanking Christ sitting
on His throne dating back to the time of the Pope Paul I (757–767). The author focuses
on images of saints on the fresco, their hierarchy, and their garments. It is revealed that
the holy men on the right hand of Christ are venerated saints of the Roman Church and
those on the left hand are mostly Eastern holy bishops, great theologians and champions of
orthodox faith, who fought against various heresies. They had never been really popular in
Rome. The author comes to the following conclusion: the saints on the left and the saints
on the right represent together the united and undivided Church fighting against the heresy
of Iconoclasm. The main weapon of the Western Church was its firmness in the orthodox
faith, the main weapon of the Eastern Church was its theological erudition.
In book
Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2021.
Потехина И. П., В кн.: Языки описания социального в Средневековье и ранее Новое время: Сборник статей.: СПб.: Академический научно-издательский, производственно-полиграфический и книгораспространительский центр Российской академии наук "Издательство "Наука", 2025. С. 34–48.
For centuries, medieval popes undertook a variety of experiments aimed both at increasing the income of the papal treasury, and at the general strengthening of the financial influence of the Holy See throughout the Catholic world. And every time the introduction of a new monetary (and even symbolic natural) extortion was arranged with the help ...
Added: January 26, 2026
Потехина И. П., В кн.: Языки описания социального в Средневековье и раннее Новое время.: СПб.: Наука, 2025. С. 34–48.
На протяжении столетий средневековые папы предпринимали самые разнообразные эксперименты, направленные как на преумножение доходов папской казны, так и на общее усиление финансового влияния Святого престола на страны католического мира. И всякий раз введение в обиход нового денежного (и даже символического натурального) побора обставлялось с помощью самых разнообразных риторических формул, призванных воздействовать на разум и чувства ...
Added: October 15, 2025
Lukhovitskiy L., Byzantinoslavica 2025 Vol. 83 No. 1-2 P. 108–122
The academic vocabulary used to describe the Iconoclastic Controversy in Byzantium includes both authentic Middle Greek lexemes and artificial terms coined in 16th–17th-century Western Europe, developed in the context of Reformation theological debates. The former category is largely represented by terms referring to the so-called Iconoclasts (εἰκονομάχοι, εἰκονοκλάσται, εἰκονοκαῦ[σ]ται), while the latter includes designations for ...
Added: May 15, 2025
Lukhovitskiy L., Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология 2025 Т. 29 № 1 С. 1059–1079
This article examines the historical semantics of the post-classical Greek word χριστιανοκατήγορος (literally, “an accuser of Christians”). While its existence in the early Byzantine period is doubtful — there is only one isolated occurrence, which had no impact on later tradition and may even be a 10th-century correction — after the Second Council of Nicaea ...
Added: April 25, 2025
М.: ИА РАН, 2024.
This book presents the results of comprehensive research and a catalog of fragments of frescoes of St. George's Cathedral of Yuryev Monastery in Novgorod, originally created shortly after the construction of the cathedral in 1119 and renovated several times until the beginning of the 19th century. Parts of the wall paintings, which were knocked down ...
Added: November 21, 2024
Lukhovitskiy L., Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 2025 Vol. 49 No. 2 P. 205–222
The controversy over the confiscation of church vessels during the reign of Alexios I is referred to as ‘Komnenian Iconoclasm.’ However, its salient feature is the reluctance of both parties to accuse their opponents of Iconoclasm. Alexios’ supporters and adversaries mastered the art of periphrasis and allusion, so that the shadow of Iconoclasm loomed over ...
Added: November 4, 2024
Потехина И. П., СПб.: Евразия, 2024.
The history of the papacy - a specific power institution that for a long time controlled not only huge masses of believers but also a significant part of the political, economic, social and cultural processes within the Western Catholic world - has occupied the minds of researchers and readers for centuries. The period of late Antiquity and ...
Added: March 4, 2024
Потехина И. П., Москаленко А. В., Вспомогательные исторические дисциплины 2023 Т. 42 С. 158–169
The publication represents a brief overview of the scholarly conference held in July 2023 in a mixed online-remote format at the universities of Wuppertal (Bergische Universität Wuppertal) and Beijing (Běijīng Dàxué). The main subject of the conference was the relationship between the Papacy and various fragments of the Mongol Empire that emerged in the vast ...
Added: March 2, 2024
Потехина И. П., Proslogion: Проблемы социальной истории и культуры средних веков и раннего нового времени 2023 Т. 7 № 1 С. 63–83
The formation of medieval studies within the walls of educational and scholarly institutions of St. Petersburg has been going on for more than a century and a half. However not all the aspects of the history of the European Middle Ages, even in periods relatively favorable for the development of domestic historical science, received an adequate ...
Added: March 2, 2024
Lukhovitskiy L., Travaux et Memoires 2023 Vol. 27 P. 337–353
Scholars of Byzantine Iconoclasm treat the heresiological text entitled On councils and heresies and attributed to Germanos of Constantinople with caution, because its anti-iconoclastic chapters are considered to be later additions. Whereas the arguments in favor of the interpolation theory are inconclusive, any thorough discussion of the text’s stratigraphy, authorship, and date must be preceded ...
Added: October 4, 2023
Lukhovitskiy L., Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai. Theologia orthodoxa 2022 Vol. 67 No. 2 P. 185–199
Mid-fourteenth-century Byzantine sources bear witness to an increased interest in Iconoclasm among the theologians involved in the Hesychast Controversy. The writings of the defenders of icon veneration were mined for authoritative quotations and the history of Iconoclasm became a repository of historical role models. This article is comprised of two sections. The first part expands ...
Added: November 2, 2022
Lukhovitskiy L., СПб.: Дмитрий Буланин, 2023.
В монографии прослеживается эволюция исторической памяти об иконоборческих спорах VIII—IX вв. в литературе средне- и поздне-византийского периода. В фокусе внимания автора находятся, с одной стороны, моменты актуализации обвинений в иконоборчестве в церковно-политических конфликтах эпохи Алексея I Комнина (1081—1118 гг.), Лионской унии (1274 г.) и исихастских споров (середина XIV в.), а с другой — художественные образы ...
Added: September 20, 2022
Lukhovitskiy L., , in: Holiness on the Move: Mobility and Space in Byzantine Hagiography.: Abingdon: Routledge, 2023. Ch. 5 P. 105–125.
The chapter provides a spatial reading of the two hagiographies of John of Damascus as a liminal figure between the Roman Empire and the Arab East: the Oration by the Palaiologan hagiographer Constantine Akropolites and its immediate source, the Jerusalem Life composed by John III, Patriarch of Antioch, at the turn of the eleventh century. ...
Added: July 12, 2022
Lukhovitskiy L., Византийский временник 2014 Т. 73 С. 88–107
In Middle and Late Byzantium, the historical memory of iconoclasm was revived thrice: during the reign of Alexios I Komnenos (1081–1018), after the Union of Lyons (1274), and during the Hesychast controversy (since 1347). These stages reveal differences as for the choice of sources and polemical strategies. The Komnenian polemicists’ primary sources on the history ...
Added: October 4, 2021