News About Terrorism and Attitudes Toward Countries: The Role of Mortality Salience and Intergroup Threat

Psychology in Russia: State of the Art. 2021. Vol. 14. No. 2. P. 101–117.

Prusova I., Gulevich O.

Background. Media reports on armed fights or terror attacks introduce reminders of death into people’s daily lives. When people feel non-specific threats (mortality salience) or specific threats (intergroup threats), they may demonstrate unfavor- able attitudes toward national outgroups. The issue is mostly analyzed today in line with Terror Management Theory and Intergroup Threat Theory.

Objective. To examine such threats in the Russian context, and the impact of mortality salience (MS) on attitudes toward national outgroups that induced dif- ferent levels of perceived intergroup threat.

Design. In two studies, participants watched films and completed question- naires about social distance, social thermometer, and trust toward “more or less threatening” countries. In Study 1, 120 Russian students were assigned to six groups via experimental design: 3 (MS: terrorist attacks in Europe, terrorist attacks in Russia, or a control group watching a video about dental treatment) x 2 (coun- try: Ukraine and Belarus). In Study 2, 122 participants were similarly divided into six groups, evaluating attitudes toward the USA and China.

Results. Study 1 showed that MS mostly increased unfavorable attitudes to- ward a country perceived as more threatening (Ukraine) than toward one per- ceived as less threatening (Belarus). Study 2 indicated the same effect on attitudes toward both more (the USA) and less (China) threatening outgroups.

Conclusion. The results identified contradictory tendencies in MS effect, in line with Terror Management Theory and Intergroup Threat Theory. The findings could be used in improving relationships from an international perspective.

Keywords: terror management theory, mortality salience, intergroup threat, Intergroup Threat Theory, attitudes toward countries