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Современное содержание диоксида углерода в приповерхностном слое атмосферы Земли: многолетние тренды и внутригодовая изменчивость
Time series of monthly mean levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) content in the near-surface atmosphere for the last 50 years are analyzed. The series are accessible at two open INTERNET resources: a website of the World Greenhouse Gas Data Center of the Global Atmosphere Watch (World Meteorological Organization) and a website of the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA). Eighty station time series are examined, of which 27 are from the global (background) stations, and the rest are from regional stations. Long-term changes are characterized by series of twelve-month running averages, while intra-annual (inter-monthly) variability are studied using differences of the initial series and the series characterizing long-term changes. The analysis of systematic differences showed that the highest levels of CO2 are typical of the regions with developed economies located in North America, Western and Central Europe, and southeast Asia. Long-term changes (trends) at all stations coincide with global background changes. The intra-annual variability is of a regular seasonal nature. There is very high similarity (high correlation) of seasonal deviations from long-term trends at different points of geographical space if respective seasonal time shift is applied. Standard deviations of time series of intra-annual deviations are maximal in the regions with developed economies located in North America and Western and Central Europe. They are smaller in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, while in the Southern Hemisphere they are noticeably smaller and decrease with latitude.