Звесткi рускіх летапісаў і крыніц усходняга паходжання аб набегах на рускія землі і аб палітычнай сітуацыі ў Залатой Ардзе

Учёные записки Брестского государственного технического университета: гуманитарные науки. 2020. No. 2. P. 107–120.

Khvalkov E.

In the 15th century, the Black Sea region became a source of export of slaves to Europe and the Middle East. Tatar raids on Russian principalities were among the tools of bringing the slaves to the Mediterranean markets. The Italian colonies on the Black Sea, primarily the Genoese Caffa, became the main source of thre supply of slaves. This was facilitated by political instability and constant wars in the region, the collapse of the Golden Horde, the confrontation between Moscow and Lithuania, and the dynastic wars in the Principality of Moscow. For the Russian lands, irrespective of their political affiliation, that was a period of raids done by khans who sought not so much stable payments of tribute, but rather loot and, above all, slaves that could be sold through the Black Sea to the Mediterranean markets. The article is accompanied by fragments of chronicles that demonstrate the picture of Tatar raids on Russian lands during the years 1422 – 1455.

Keywords: Средиземноморье, Северное Причерноморье, Золотая Орда, Golden Horde, Black Sea region, рабы, Mediterranean, работорговля, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Великое княжество Литовское, Генуя, Каффа, Genoa, Caffa, slaves, Russian slaves, slave trade, Tatars, татары, Восточное Средиземноморье