«Японизация» китайского текста: «Мо:гю: вака» (1204) как адаптация «Мэн цю» (VIII в.)

Японские исследования. 2020. № 2. С. 112–132.

Виноградова Т. И., Toropygina M.

The article discusses two texts: Chinese 8th century Meng Qiu, and early 13th century Japanese text called Mōgyū Waka, based on Meng Qiu. Both monuments perform primarily an educational function, they introduce events from the Chinese past, and have a structure convenient for remembering stories. The biography of Li Han, the author of the Chinese text, is unknown. The Chinese text is a long rhyming poem, consisting of 596 four-character lines, each of which refers to a commentary that tells a corresponding historical anecdote. Pairs of four-character lines are connected by subject. Four eightcharacter lines with one rhyme are structural units of the text of the poem. The heroes of the work are people of different social status, men, women, and children, as well as mythological characters. Events from ancient times to the Tang period are presented. The first commentary is supposed to be written by the author of the poem himself. The text was popular during the Tang era, but was later forgotten in China. Meng Qiu is a textbook that is still used in Japan to learn Chinese and get acquainted with the stories from Chinese past. Japanese text Mōgyū Waka is created in 1204 by Minamoto no Mitsuyuki (1163-1244). Mōgyū Waka includes 250 stories from Meng Qiu. Mōgyū Waka has a structure similar to Japanese poetic anthologies. The stories are grouped by topic in 14 scrolls. Each block of the text includes a line from the Chinese poem (four characters), the story in vernacular and the Japanese waka poem. All poems are written by the author specifically to be included in this text. Four first scrolls (four seasons) are provided with poetic themes. Two prefaces are attached, one in classical Chinese and another in the vernacular. Texts of the prefaces differ slightly in content, but significantly in the style of presentation. Сhange of the structure of the work and the presence of waka poems is a strategy for the „Japanization‟ of the Chinese text.

Keywords: китайский язык, японский язык, Japanese language, Japanese poetry, японская поэзия, Chinese language, Meng Qiu, Mōgyū Waka, "Мэн цю", "Мо:гю: вака"