Investigating the Gap between Newspaper Journalists’ Role Conceptions and Role Performance in Nine European, Asian, and Latin American Countries

International Journal of Press/Politics. 2020. Vol. 25. No. 4. P. 552–575.

Mellado C., Mothes C., Hallin D., Humanes M. L., Lauber M., Mick J., Silke H., Sparks C., Amado A., Davydov S. G., Olivera D.

Based on a standardized operationalization of the watchdog, civic, interventionist,
loyal-facilitator, infotainment, and service roles, this study combines survey (N =
643) and content analysis data (N = 19,908) to explain gaps between newspaper
journalists’ role conceptions and the performance of their press organizations in nine
countries from Latin America, Western Europe, and Asia. Taking an institutional
approach by focusing on institutional influences on the conception–performance gap
at three levels (individual, organizational, societal), our results show that these gaps are largest for the two roles most connected with the public functions of journalism,
the civic, and the watchdog roles. Multilevel analyses offer significant evidence on
that, across all six analyzed roles, the size of the gaps differed more clearly between
journalists and between media organizations, than among countries. Although
influences on an individual level (i.e., perceived autonomy) have some explanatory
power, influences on the organizational level and, more specifically, ownership and
codified editorial policies are the factors that best explain conception–performance
gaps. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of the public skepticism
about the performance of journalism and the media.

Keywords: журналистика, сравнительные исследования, autonomy, автономия, journalism, media studies, медиаисследования, comparative research, professional roles, профессиональные роли, role performance, реализация ролей