Реализация региональных и местных преимуществ для устойчивого развития молочного скотоводства

Молочное и мясное скотоводство. 2018. № 2. С. 12–16.

Суровцев В. Н., Nikulina Y.

The article considers the influence of regional and local conditions on the dairy cattle profitability on the example of dairy farms of Leningrad region. Identified production and economic factors that allowed advanced enterprises in the region to ensure high profitability of production, taking into account the cost of reproduction of the herd and excluding subsidies. A wide range of applied innovations allows advanced farms to ensure the profitability of dairy cattle in areas with different climatic conditions, regardless of location relative to the metropolis. Determined that farms in areas of the region with more favorable conditions for dairy cattle achieve a high level of profitability on the basis of low cost of own voluminous and concentrated fodder. Farms in areas with small-scale forage lands, complex topography, relatively low soil fertility achieve high economic efficiency indicators either by more fully realizing the genetic potential of Holsteinized livestock and a high level of dairy productivity, or by using a more suitable breed, Airshire, that provides high rates of reproduction of the herd and the composite quality of milk. The conducted researches have shown that the necessary condition for profitable milk production is the realization by owners and heads of farms entrepreneurial functions, full account of the industry and local milk production specificity. Despite the fact that most farms in the Leningrad region have achieved high, relatively average for Russia, indicators of dairy productivity, this does not guarantee economic efficiency. Provision of state support in forms, amounts for which are not sufficient for the entire potential set of participants in the industry, who want to receive them (CAPEX, soft loans), shift the activity of producers and investors from seeking "innovative rent" to seeking "political rent", which reduces efficiency of investments and negatively affects the rate of dairy cattle development.

Keywords: предпринимательство, инвестиции, entrepreneurship, инновационные технологии, экономическая эффективность, investments, economic efficiency, innovative technologies, dairy farming, молочное скотоводство