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Социальные и психологические факторы привлечения и удержания доноров крови: обзор обзоров
A large amount of empirical material has been accumulated with respect to the attitudes to
and determination of such type of prosocial behavior as a donation of blood as well as effective
interventions to attract and retain donors. The aim of our work was to systematize and
synthesize the data obtained in empirical studies and to build a single model that takes into
account both factors of different levels and heterogeneity of the donation itself as a sociopsychological
phenomenon. The research method was a review of seven systematic reviews
and meta-analysis of empirical studies of blood donation (review of reviews) performed over
the past ten years. The main result: a multi-level model of factors for attracting and retaining
of blood donors is proposed. Attitudes and behavior in the field of donation are formed at
several levels: at the individual-personal level, at the level of the nearest social environment
and the external environment, including characteristics of the blood donation system. Interventions
— targeted interventions aimed at stimulating blood donation, acting through these
“natural” factors or directly and contribute to the advancement of donors along the so-called
stages of donor careers — from first-time and novice to regular donation. Despite a significant
number of published studies, a more thorough analysis shows that not all the phenomena
found in the self-reports of blood donors and its components have been tested in studies with
a design that suggests the presence of correlation or causal relationships. Most of the studies
reviewed were conducted in western countries. Evaluation of the applicability and effectiveness
of the interventions within Russian socio-cultural conditions is a separate important research
task.