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The Social Status of Romanian Orthodox Noblemen in Late-medieval Transylvania According to Donor Portraits and Church Inscriptions

P. 205–265.
Dragoş Gh. Năstăsoiu
Editor of translation: N. Ş. Tanaşoca, A. Madgearu

À travers le Moyen Âge, le Voïvodat de la Transylvanie et les comtés voisins du Royaume Hongrois représentaient une région de frontière, où quelques groupes ethniques (Hongrois, Valaques/Roumains, Saxons et Székelys) ont coexisté. Deux cultures (Latine et Byzantine-Slave) et confessions (catholique et orthodoxe) s’y sont rencontrées. Intégrés formalement dans la structure administrative du voïvodat et du royaume, les territoires habités par une population valaque/roumaine compacte bénéficiaient en effait d’une autonomie administrative, juridique, religieuse et culturelle en leur conferrant de l’individualité. Les églises que la noblesse roumaine orthodoxe avait fondées pendant les XIV-e et XV-e siècles sur ses propriétés des terrae de Haţeg et Zarand (sud-ouest de la Transylvanie) et qu’elle avait bâties, décorées et dotées selon ses modestes moyens, sont les indicateurs pas seulement de la culture particulière Byzantine-Slave et des possibilités finacières précaires de leurs fondateurs, mais aussi des réalités sociales et des aspirations de ces fondateurs. En examinant les portraits des donateurs et les inscriptions de ces églises, l’auteur analyse les aspects économiques et sociales derrière la fondation des églises. Premièrement,  il cherche à comprendre les raisons des patrons (soit membres d’une seule ou de quelleques familles ou simplement membres d’une certaine communauté) de rejoindre leurs efforts pour accomplir la tâche difficile de la fondation religieuse qui s’étendait parfois sur quelleques générations. Deuxièmement, le patronage religieux illustrait souvent les relations sociales complèxes des acteurs, tout aussi comme la position de la noblesse roumaine orthodoxe dans la hiérarchie sociale et politique d’un royaume catholique, en révélant simultanément le statut social réal et désiré de cette noblesse.

Language: English
Keywords: Byzantine artchurch foundationreligious patronagedonor portraitschurch inscriptionsOld Church Slavonic EpigraphyHybrid ArtCross-cultural EncountersLate-medieval TransylvaniaLate-medieval HungaryByzantine Iconography

In book

Études Byzantines et Post-Byzantines
Vol. VII. , Bucharest: Editura Academiei Romane/Publishing House of the Romanian Academy, 2016.
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