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The Conquest of Khwarezm by Mongol Troops (1219–1221)
P. 75–86.
When the Mongol-Khwarezmian (1219–1221) war broke out, the state of Anushteginid Khwarezm Shahs in addition to the Khwarezm Region included the following territories: Transoxiana, Khorasan, and the territories of today's Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. To delineate its territory, the northern border ran along the right bank of the Syr Darya, where Otrar was considered the main frontier city, up to the Aral Sea. The northern shores of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman formed its natural southern border, while the Indus presented the south-eastern frontier of the Khwarezmian domain. Ala ad-Din Muhammad's state reached the Pamir and the Sulaiman Mountains in the east and the Zagros Mountains in the east, in particular covering Persian Iraq. The ruler was so powerful that, according to a number of medieval historians, the states of Shirvan Shahs and Azerbaijani atabegs were regarded as dependents on it
Language:
English
In book
Kazan: Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2017.
Гребенников Н. Ю., Ежегодник финно-угорских исследований 2025 Т. 19 № 4 С. 628–634
The article examines an inconspicuous episode that occurred during Batu's second campaign against Rus’, which is usually dated by researchers to 1239–1241. The author puts forward and substantiates the possible reasons that prompted the Mongol military leaders to send a second military expedition to North-Eastern Rus’ in the winter of 1239/1240, which also affected the ...
Added: April 27, 2026
Гатин М., Абзалов Л. Ф., Мустакимов И. А. et al., Народы и религии Евразии 2025 Т. 30 № 4 С. 7–25
The research is devoted to the status of ra'is on in the different states during the longterm period with clarifying its specific features and similarities in the different states during different historical periods. Authors intend to find out the similar features of ra'is’ status in different historical circumstances. The basic materials are historical sources including ...
Added: December 20, 2025
Klyuev A., Золотоордынское обозрение 2025 Т. 13 № 1 С. 48–60
This article analyzes the monograph by Italian historians Nicola di Cosmo, Professor of East Asian Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, USA) and Lorenzo Pubblici, Professor at the University of Naples «Orientale» (Italy), devoted to trade and diplomatic relations between the Venetians and Mongols on the Silk Roads in the 13th–15th centuries.
Research materials: ...
Added: June 28, 2025
Asatryan G., Strategic Analysis 2025 Vol. 49 No. 1 P. 98–102
We can note the growing interest in researching so-called encounters in England and other countries of the Global West. In the academic milieu, such studies appear frequently and en masse. Parallelly, there is large-scale interest in the so-called rethinking history studies, created to expand horizons and refute and modify the postulates that have grown over the ...
Added: February 22, 2025
Tsendina A., Oriental Studies 2022 Т. 15 № 5 С. 1147–1158
Oral tradition has occupied a large place in the literature of the Mongols since ancient times. This is due to the nomadic way of life and to the rare population scattered over vast territories and forced to exchange news and knowledge by word of mouth. Such intensive functioning of the oral form of transmission of ...
Added: October 28, 2022
Tsendina A., Oriental Studies 2021 Т. 14 № 3 С. 550–567
This article deals with the practice of khulil divination in Mongolia, while introducing a Mongolian text devoted to this form of divination. Results. The divination practice goes back to the oldest Chinese source on divination
Yijing (I Ching, Book of Changes, about the seventh century BC). Divination is carried out with
the help of the trigram, or ...
Added: October 12, 2021
Haerke H. G., Arzhantseva I., Journal of Urban Archaeology 2021 Vol. 3 P. 51–63
In the late first millennium ad, the Aral Sea region comprised two broad cultural zones: in the south the civilizations of Central Asia, in the north the steppe nomads. On their interface, in the delta of the Syr-Darya, there is an isolated cluster of urban sites, including Dzhankent. Fieldwork results show that in the ninth ...
Added: March 12, 2021
Haerke H. G., Arzhantseva I., Tazhekeev A., The European Archaeologist 2020 Vol. 66 No. 4 P. 27–34
Update on the work of the fieldwork methods and results at the early medieval town of Dzhankent (Kazakhstan) ...
Added: March 12, 2021
Timokhin D. M., Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: история и современность 2019 № 2 С. 64–75
From the Middle Ages till present days, the “Biography of Sultan Jalal al-Din Mankburny”
by his secretary Muhammad an-Nasavi is considered to be one the most important Arab-Persian sources about the Mongol conquest of Central Asia and Iran. Eyewitness of the Mongol invasion, an-Nasavi provides
a good deal of valuable information which are not found in other ...
Added: July 31, 2019
Arzhantseva I., Ульяновск: Артишок, 2016.
The book is based on unique materials from the archive of the Institute. Ethnology and Anthropology named N.N. Maclay RAS, collected by Russian scientists during the work of the Khorezm Expedition, which worked from 1937 to 1997 This album includes materials of works from 1937-1959: photographs, drawings, drawings, excerpts from field diaries, reports, memories of ...
Added: April 24, 2019
Timokhin D. M., Тишин В. В., Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: история и современность 2017 № 6 С. 198–206
Статья представляет собой рецензию на новейшую работу по истории Дешт-и Кыпчака, созданную украинским и казахстанским учеными. В определенном смысле работа представляет собой анализ новейшего этапа развития историографии проблемы. ...
Added: August 8, 2018
Timokhin D. M., Золотоордынская цивилизация 2017 № 10 С. 96–104
Статья посвящена анализу данных арабо-персидских исторических источников относительно «битвы на Тургайской равнине». Автор подробно разбирает не столько само сражение и его последствия, сколько то, как и в каком объеме тот или иной арабо-персидский историк описывает данное военное столкновение. Среди ранних источников фигурируют сочинения Ибн ал-Асира, ан-Насави, Джузджани и Джувейни, а из более поздних взяты труды ...
Added: June 28, 2018
Timokhin D. M., Вестник Института истории, археологии и этнографии 2017 № 3 С. 5–18
Данная статья посвящена одному из самых ярких эпизодов хорезмийской экспансии в пределы Южного Кавказа, а именно битве при Гарни 1225 г. Именно это военное столкновение во многом предопределило ход дальнейшей военной и политической деятельности хорезмшаха Джалал ад-Дина Манкбурны: вплоть до собственной гибели в 1231 году, его внимание будет приковано к данному региону, который по праву ...
Added: June 28, 2018
Timokhin D. M., Tishin V. V., , in: The Golden Horde in World History. A Multi-Authored Monograph.: Kazan: Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2017. P. 25–40.
The political history of Khwarezm at the turn of the 13th century is associated with two outstanding representatives of the Anushteginid dynasty, Khwarezm Shahs Ala ad-Din Tekish and Ala al-Din, who brought the state to become one of the largest and most powerful countries in the Islamic East. The expansion and strengthening of the state ...
Added: September 4, 2017
Timokhin D. M., В кн.: Вопросы истории, историографии, экономики и языкознания: Сборник аспирантских статей.: МАКС Пресс, 2008. С. 236–248.
Added: March 28, 2013