Семантическая симметрия и асимметрия дейктических наречий тут и там

Компьютерная лингвистика и интеллектуальные технологии. 2016.

Зарифян М. С.

The pair of Russian deictic words tut ‘here’ and tam ‘there’ seems to be antonymous at first glance, which is an oversimplification of the real situation. Thus, the goal of the current paper is to study spatial, temporal and situational meanings of tut and tam and highlight cases in which these adverbs are antonymous or not. The data shows that situational meanings of both adverbs are almost completely symmetrical – tut and tam develop meanings of actuality and non-actuality of a situation at the moment of speech respectively. In other cases asymmetric contexts of use are more frequent rather than symmetric. First of all, the central meaning of tam is spatial, while tut tends to be used in situational contexts. Moreover, tam is less deictic. In certain spatial contexts of use it can lose the semantics of distance and develop the anaphoric function, while tut “is strongly deictic in its spatial meaning and always points to the location of the speaker at the moment of speech” (V. Apresyan 2014). In addition, tut and tam develop the semantics of proximity and distance respectively even in their non-spatial contexts of use. For example, in temporal meaning, both adverbs denote two successive events, but the difference is that the events linked by tut follow each other immediately, while tam separates events from each other.

Keywords: момент речи, антонимия, временной и пространственный дейксис

Publication based on the results of: Tendencies of language change in the mirror of corpora (2016)