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Language Exercise Generation: Emulating Cambridge Open Cloze
International Journal of Conceptual Structures and Smart Applications (IJCSSA). 2014. Vol. 2. No. 2. P. 20–35.
Malafeev A.
This article presents an approach to the automatic generation of open cloze exercises based on arbitrary English text. The exercise format is similar to the open cloze test used in Cambridge English certificate exams (FCE, CAE, CPE). The presented method also makes it possible to adjust the difficulty of the resulting exercises to better suit specific proficiency levels. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the usefulness of the machine-generated exercises, compare them with authentic Cambridge English tests and study the difficulty-setting capabilities. The experiments showed that the generation method used was quite effective. With some customization, the method can be applied to generating similar exercises for other languages.
Priority areas:
IT and mathematics
Language:
English
Keywords: natural language processingпреподавание английского языкаавтоматическая обработка естественного языкаавтоматическая обработка текстаавтоматическое создание упражненийтесты open clozeopen clozecomputer-assisted language learningCALLEnglish as a foreign languageEFLlanguage exercise generationadjusting exercise difficultyизучение иностранных языков с помощью компьютераанглийский язык как иностранныйрегулировка сложности упражнений
Starchenko A., Toldova S., Типология морфосинтаксических параметров 2023 Т. 6 № 1 С. 130–148
The study focuses on a previously unrecorded model of split agreement in the mirative paradigm in Kazym Khanty. Split agreement is found when comparing active and passive mirative constructions, as well as
in a limited set of uses of non-finite forms. In the passive voice, unlike the active voice, the 3rd person is unmarked and the ...
Added: May 14, 2026
Neal N. X., Weiqing L., Dacheng H. et al., Algorithms 2026 Vol. 19 No. 5 P. 1–22
In the era of data-driven education, educational social networks generate large volumes of high-dimensional and complex-structured data through learner interactions, collaborative activities, and resource-sharing behaviors, posing significant challenges to traditional unsupervised learning methods. Such data often exhibit non-convex distributions, heterogeneity, and noise sensitivity, making conventional clustering approaches insufficient for capturing their intrinsic structural relationships. To ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Fedorov D., Jezikoslovni Zapiski 2026 № 32(1) С. 23–52
This article describes verbs denoting motion of liquid and dry substances in Slavic languages. The research explores how Slavic languages lexicalize different situations within the semantic field of substance motion and identifies the parameters that drive this lexicalization (e.g., type of substance, intensity and quantization of flow, and causation). Adjacent grammatical phenomena such as argument ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Gabrielova E., Максименко О. И., Социальные и гуманитарные науки на Дальнем Востоке 2026 Т. 23 № 1 С. 241–249
The article presents a diachronic analysis of the representation of women in Russian advertising, based on agitation posters from 1917-1990 and social and motivational advertising materials from 2000-2020. The aim of the study is to identify the evolution of verbal and visual strategies for constructing the image of women in the changing socio-political and cultural ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Velichkov B., Nikolova-Koleva I., Slavcheva M., Shumen: INCOMA Ltd, 2025.
The RANLP 2025 Student Research Workshop (RANLPStud’2025) is a special track of the established international conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP’2025).
The RANLPStud is being organised for the 9th time and this year is running in parallel with the other tracks of the main RANLP 2025 conference. The target of RANLPStud’25 is to be a ...
Added: May 12, 2026
Stepanyants V., Долгов И. М., Хорошилов Г. С. et al., Труды Института системного программирования РАН 2026 Т. 38 № 3 С. 95–110
Highly automated and connected vehicles are gradually entering the market. Currently, solutions are being proposed that allow these technologies to be used for cooperative driving automation, which can significantly improve traffic safety. Such technologies and their software should be tested to ensure safety before being implemented in real systems. Verification and validation of vehicular control ...
Added: May 12, 2026
Tikhonov R., Efendiev M. T., Fedotenkov A. A., 2026 International Russian Smart Industry Conference (SmartIndustryCon) 2026 P. 542–547
High-fidelity simulation environments like CARLA and ROS are essential for connected and automated vehicle research. They allow researchers to verify and validate new software and technology without the time, financial, and safety overheads of real-world testing. However, their operation requires considerable expertise for creating platform-specific scenario configuration files, which complicates the research workflow. This paper ...
Added: May 11, 2026
М.: ООО «Макс Пресс», 2026.
В настоящем сборнике представлены тезисы докладов участников семинара "Интеграция основного и дополнительного физико-математического образования", проходившего 11 февраля 2026 года в ГБОУ Школа №2007 ФМШ г. москвы, а также другие публикации, посвящённые вопросам дополнительного физико-математического образования. ...
Added: May 11, 2026
Киселева Н. А., Михайлов К. А., Чернилевская О. Н. et al., Отечественная и зарубежная педагогика 2024 Т. 1 № 4 С. 109–123
The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in the field of development of scientific knowledge and design and research skills of schoolchildren in the scientific community of students. The authors studied and analyzed foreign experience in organizing scientific communities of students, which demonstrates specific practical practices. As part of this work, the ...
Added: May 11, 2026
Ольшанская С. С., Чернилевская О. Н., Михайлов К. А. et al., Научные исследования и разработки. Социально-гуманитарные исследования и технологии 2024 Т. 13 № 4 С. 17–24
The article is devoted to the study of development of scientific cognition of modern schoolchildren. Based on the analysis of the situation and taking into account the peculiarities of successful Russian and international practices, the authors of the article have designed a model of scientific community of students in Moscow. ...
Added: May 11, 2026
Derkacheva A., Sakirkina M., Kraev G. et al., /. 2026.
Comprehensive data on natural hazards and their consequences are crucial for effective for risk assessment, adaptation planning, and emergency response. However, many countries face challenges with fragmented, inconsistent, and inaccessible data, particularly regarding local-scale events. To address this data gap in Russia, we developed an end-to-end processing pipeline that scrapes news from various online sources, ...
Added: April 28, 2026
Qin X., Deng Y., Shchur L. et al., / Series arXiv "math". 2026. No. 2603.02962.
We perform a Monte Carlo analysis of the Ising model on many three-dimensional lattices. By means of finite-size scaling we obtain the critical points and determine the scaling dimensions. As expected, the critical exponents agree with the three-dimensional Ising universality class for all models. The irrelevant field, as revealed by the correction-to-scaling amplitudes, appears to ...
Added: April 20, 2026
Pilé I., Deng Y., Shchur L., / Series arXiv "math". 2026. No. 2604.10254.
We investigate the spatial overlap of successive spin configurations in Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations using the local Metropolis algorithm and the Svendsen-Wang and Wolff cluster algorithms. We examine the dynamics of these algorithms for two models in different universality classes: the Ising model and the Potts model with three components. The overlap of two ...
Added: April 20, 2026
Gabdullin N., Androsov I., / Series Computer Science "arxiv.org". 2026.
Label prediction in neural networks (NNs) has O(n) complexity proportional to the number of classes. This holds true for classification using fully connected layers and cosine similarity with some set of class prototypes. In this paper we show that if NN latent space (LS) geometry is known and possesses specific properties, label prediction complexity can ...
Added: April 2, 2026
Глазкова А. В., Смаль И. В., Lyashevskaya O. et al., Доклады Российской академии наук. Математика, информатика, процессы управления (ранее - Доклады Академии Наук. Математика) 2025 Т. 527 С. 146–155
This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of discriminative methods for abbreviation lemmatization in Russian texts. Unlike generative approaches, discriminative models select the optimal lemma from a fixed set of candidates, eliminating the risk of generating grammatically incorrect word forms. For the first time in Russian language processing, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of ...
Added: March 10, 2026
Biryukova K., Chelnokova D., Erkenova J. et al., Communications in Computer and Information Science 2024 Vol. 2364 CCIS P. 109 – 121
Added: February 25, 2026
Springer, 2025.
The two-volume set LNCS 15836 and 15837 constitutes the proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2025, held in Kanazawa, Japan, during July 4–6, 2025.
The 33 full papers, 19 short papers and 2 demo papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 120 submissions. ...
Added: February 3, 2026
Sorokin K., Beketov M., Онучин А. et al., / arxiv.org. Серия cs.SI "Social and Information Networks ". 2025.
Community detection in complex networks is a fundamental problem, open to new approaches in various scientific settings. We introduce a novel community detection method, based on Ricci flow on graphs. Our technique iteratively updates edge weights (their metric lengths) according to their (combinatorial) Foster version of Ricci curvature computed from effective resistance distance between the ...
Added: January 15, 2026
Petrovanov I., Sergeev A., / Series Computer Science "arxiv.org". 2025. No. 2512.18332.
Transport coding reduces message delay in packet-switched networks by introducing controlled redundancy at the transport layer: original packets are encoded into coded packets, and the message is reconstructed after the first successful deliveries, effectively shifting latency from the maximum packet delay to the -th order statistic. We present a concise, reproducible discrete-event implementation of transport coding in OMNeT++, including ...
Added: December 24, 2025
Hessian-based lightweight neural network for brain vessel segmentation on a minimal training dataset
Меньшиков И. А., Бернадотт А. К., Elvimov N. S., / Series arXie "Statistical mechanics". 2025.
Accurate segmentation of blood vessels in brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is essential for successful surgical procedures, such as aneurysm repair or bypass surgery. Currently, annotation is primarily performed through manual segmentation or classical methods, such as the Frangi filter, which often lack sufficient accuracy. Neural networks have emerged as powerful tools for medical image ...
Added: December 1, 2025
Чернышов Д. П., Satanin A., Shchur L., / Series arXiv "math". 2025.
We investigate the boundary separating regular and chaotic dynamics in the generalized Chirikov map, an extension of the standard map with phase-shifted secondary kicks. Lyapunov maps were computed across the parameter space (K,K(α, τ)) and used to train a convolutional neural network (ResNet18) for binary classification of dynamical regimes. The model reproduces the known critical ...
Added: November 21, 2025
Rubchinskiy A., Chubarova D., / Series WP7 "Математические методы анализа решений в экономике, бизнесе и политике". 2025. No. WP7/2025/01.
The article examines one of the most famous examples of socio-economic systems, characterized by significant uncertainty – the S&P-500 stock market, where shares of 500 largest US companies are traded. No assumptions are made about the probabilistic characteristics of the stock market. A flexible algorithm for daily trading has been developed, based on both known fixed data ...
Added: November 9, 2025
Meshchaninov V., Strashnov, P., Shevtsov A. et al., / Cornell University. Серия CoRR, arXiv:2403.03726 "Computing Research Repository,". 2025.
Protein design requires a deep understanding of the inherent complexities of the protein universe. While many efforts lean towards conditional generation or focus on specific families of proteins, the foundational task of unconditional generation remains underexplored and undervalued. Here, we explore this pivotal domain, introducing DiMA, a model that leverages continuous diffusion on embeddings derived ...
Added: October 5, 2025
Shabalin A., Meshchaninov V., Vetrov D., / Series cs.CL, arXiv:2505.18853 "Computation and Language". 2025.
Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in generating images, audio, and video, but their adaptation to text remains challenging due to its discrete nature. Prior approaches either apply Gaussian diffusion in continuous latent spaces, which inherits semantic structure but struggles with token decoding, or operate in categorical simplex space, which respect discreteness but disregard semantic ...
Added: October 5, 2025