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Language Exercise Generation: Emulating Cambridge Open Cloze
International Journal of Conceptual Structures and Smart Applications (IJCSSA). 2014. Vol. 2. No. 2. P. 20–35.
Malafeev A.
This article presents an approach to the automatic generation of open cloze exercises based on arbitrary English text. The exercise format is similar to the open cloze test used in Cambridge English certificate exams (FCE, CAE, CPE). The presented method also makes it possible to adjust the difficulty of the resulting exercises to better suit specific proficiency levels. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the usefulness of the machine-generated exercises, compare them with authentic Cambridge English tests and study the difficulty-setting capabilities. The experiments showed that the generation method used was quite effective. With some customization, the method can be applied to generating similar exercises for other languages.
Priority areas:
IT and mathematics
Language:
English
Keywords: natural language processingпреподавание английского языкаавтоматическая обработка естественного языкаавтоматическая обработка текстаавтоматическое создание упражненийтесты open clozeopen clozecomputer-assisted language learningCALLEnglish as a foreign languageEFLlanguage exercise generationadjusting exercise difficultyизучение иностранных языков с помощью компьютераанглийский язык как иностранныйрегулировка сложности упражнений
L.: Routledge, 2026.
This volume explores how generative artificial intelligence is reshaping universities worldwide. Rather than focusing only on the technology, it shows how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing how students learn, teachers teach, and institutions operate, while also being shaped by cultural values, educational traditions, and social expectations.
Bringing together international case studies from regions including Europe, the ...
Added: August 6, 2026
Kharlamova D. S., Journal of the European Second Language Association, United Kingdom 2026 Vol. 10 No. 1 P. 1–16
Formulaic language may help language learners in second language (L2) acquisition. However, interference with the first language (L1) can also cause errors in L2 production. The present paper explores the possibilities of detecting L1 Russian interference errors connected with phraseologisms in English learner texts with a fine-tuned Transformer-based neural network. Across a dataset of 3,600 ...
Added: August 6, 2026
Kharlamova D. S., Русский язык в научном освещении 2024 № 2 (48) С. 129–149
В статье исследуется история возникновения и эволюции идиомы от корки до корки. Мы использовали словарные данные и материалы НКРЯ и Google Books, чтобы установить примерное время появления данного выражения, а также предложить возможные объяснения его происхождения. Развитие конструкции от корки до корки связано с расширением ее сочетаемости: на этом пути можно выделить несколько этапов, которые ...
Added: August 6, 2026
Ulgen H., Journal of International Students 2026 Vol. 16 No. 17 P. 283–312
This study reports a secondary analysis of phenomenologically informed, semistructured interviews with 15 Turkish undergraduate and graduate students at three universities in Moscow and examines how peer networks function beyond emotional buffering to support academic engagement and institutional navigation in Russian–medium higher education. Drawing on social support theory, communities of practice, and community cultural wealth ...
Added: August 5, 2026
Фирсанова В. И., ACM, 2026.
The inclusion of autistic people can be augmented by a mobile app that provides information without a human mediator making information perception more liberating for people in the spectrum. This paper is an overview of a doctoral work dedicated to the development of a web-based mobile tool for supporting the inclusion of people on the ...
Added: August 4, 2026
Фирсанова В. И., Вопросы современной лингвистики. ISSN 2949-5059. https://www.linguamgou.ru/jour/article/view/1732 2026 С. 67–82
Цель. Выявление стратегии разработки языковых моделей с помощью искусственного интеллекта для поддержки инклюзии людей с ментальными нарушениями.
Процедура и методы. В исследовании сравниваются два подхода к построению диалоговых систем: вопросно-ответные системы на основе извлечения информации и генеративные модели. Собрана коллекция текстов на тему инклюзивного образования. Методами нейросетевого трансферного обучения также создан комплекс вопросно-ответных систем для анализа производительности рассматриваемых ...
Added: August 4, 2026
Фирсанова В. И., Хлусова Я. К., CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2025.
Knowledge graphs are widely used in Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and Explainable AI (XAI), since they can illustrate semantic relationships generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent studies focus on generating knowledge graphs from unstructured data to improve RAG performance; however, they do not explain the underlying graph structure. The analysis of synthetic graphs behind ...
Added: August 4, 2026
Nikitenko E., Fedorov D., Makarov Y., Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды института лингвистических исследований 2026 Т. 22 № 1 С. 208–252
This article investigates the semantic field of ‘change’ in Persian from a lexical-typological perspective, applying the frame-based approach of the Moscow Lexical Typology Group. The study examines over 20 verbs related to this field, relying on data from dictionaries, corpora, and native speaker elicitation. In Persian, this semantic zone is primarily serviced by compound verbs. Our analysis reveals that the ...
Added: August 3, 2026
Iskakova B., Kleinlein E. V., Prisyazhniuk D. et al., European Journal of Education 2026 Vol. 61 No. 3 Article e70810
This study examines pre-service teachers' (PSTs) attitudes towards inclusive education in Germany and Russia and investigates how they relate to teacher training curricula and teacher educators' discourse. A mixed-methods design was used, including an online survey of PSTs (n = 460) with an open-ended question, curriculum review and exploratory interviews with university educators in both contexts. The ...
Added: August 3, 2026
СПб.: Издательство СПбГУ, 2026.
The sixth issue of the Russian inter-university collection of articles is devoted to various aspects of foreign literature history and theory studies. The collection also includes articles on various aspects of comparative literature today.
For professionals in the field of international literary relations, students of humanitarian faculties of universities and a wide range of people interested ...
Added: August 3, 2026
Вольский А. Л., Стадников Г. В., Поринец Ю. Ю. et al., СПб.: РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена, 2026.
Монография, подготовленная кафедрой зарубежной литературы РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена, представляет результаты научных исследований в рамках проблемы единства и национального своеобразия в мировом литературном процессе. В центре внимания авторского коллектива - теория и история европейской литературы макроэпохи модерна, объединяющей идеи, тексты литературного, философского, публицистического дискурса XVIII-XXI веков. В монографии анализируются генезис и общие тенденции развития ...
Added: August 3, 2026
Пахомова О. В., Sibirtseva V., Филологический класс 2026 Vol. 31 No. 2 P. 102–109
This article examines the creative potential of syntactic deviations in poetry, using the works of F. G. Klopstock, a poet of the second half of the 18th century, and Yoko Tawada, an author at the turn of the 21st century, as examples.
Research methods. In analyzing the poems and essays of Klopstock and Tawada, elements of ...
Added: August 3, 2026
Belomestny D., Gasnikov A., Gladin E. et al., Russian Mathematical Surveys 2026 Vol. 81 No. 4(490) P. 3–90
Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly grounded in tools from probability, optimization, and operator theory. This survey organizes the mathematical structures that underpin the design and analysis of modern algorithms in RL. We begin from Markov decision processes (MDPs) and the Bellman operators, emphasizing contraction mappings, monotonicity, and fixed-point theory that yield convergence guarantees and rates ...
Added: August 3, 2026
Abelyuk E., Русская литература 2026 № 4 Статья DOI: 10.31860/0131-6095-2026-4-
The article demonstrates that Mandelstam's poem, "There are orioles in the
woods, and the length of vowels..." reveals an internal connection with
Khlebnikov's poem “О, dostoevskiymo running cloud!": one of the latter's key
images "shines through" the text of the former. Drawing on Mandelstam's
definitions that describe the reading process, the author reveals how this
connection might have arisen, whether ...
Added: August 1, 2026
Chepovskiy A., Мастерская Печати Идей, 2026.
The textbook presents methods and algoгithms for automatic analysis
of соrроrа of texts in natural languages. It is intended fоr sfudenБ of
methods of processing texts in паtчrаl languages and creating training
arays of texts.
Fоr students, graduate students and researchers studying methods
of computational linguistics and word processing. ...
Added: August 1, 2026
Ponomarenko A., / Series Computer Science "arxiv.org". 2025.
This paper addresses the challenge of merging hierarchical navigable small world (HNSW) graphs, a critical operation for distributed systems, incremental indexing, and database compaction. We propose three algorithms for this task: Naive Graph Merge (NGM), Intra Graph Traversal Merge (IGTM), and Cross Graph Traversal Merge (CGTM). These algorithms differ in their approach to vertex selection ...
Added: July 30, 2026
Уилкокс П., Romanov A., М.: ДМК Пресс, 2025.
Книга, которую вы держите в руках, продолжает серию «Книжная полка истового
инженера», которая издается при поддержке компании YADRO.
Данная книга представляет собой учебник по теоретическим основам продвинутой
функциональной верификации и содержит лучшие практики, используемые в настоящее
время. В ней подробно описана унифицированная методология верификации
(UVM) и раскрыты такие темы, как функциональный виртуальный прототип, функциональное
покрытие, утверждения, формальная верификация, тестбенчи, косимуляция,
эмуляция, аппаратное ...
Added: July 30, 2026
Mikhaylets E. V., Razorenova A. М., Chernyshev V. L. et al., Scientific Reports 2026 Vol. 16 Article 23560
Meditation offers a naturalistic paradigm for studying introspection, yet the neural dynamics of advanced tantric practices remain largely unexplored. Buddhist Highest Yoga Tantra (BHYT) comprises a sequence of eight dissolution stages culminating in the “clear light” state. We recorded EEG during eyes-closed BHYT meditation performed in monasteries and hermitages (51 sessions from 36 male practitioners; ...
Added: July 29, 2026
Biryuk D., Journal of Economics and Social Sciences 2019 No. 15 P. 69–71
The paper is devoted to the study of the mechanism and competencies needed for developing managerial skills through training courses on managerial struggle, which are necessary not only in the field of business and management, but also in other spheres of public life. The technology of these trainings was developed by Vladimir Tarasov. The influence ...
Added: July 29, 2026
Biryuk D., Gaudeamus Igitur 2020 № 1 С. 46–47
The article is devoted to the study of the mechanism and competencies necessary for the development of managerial skills through training courses on managerial struggle, which are necessary in the field of business and management. The article describes the impact of this technology on the development of necessary skills, as well as techniques used during ...
Added: July 29, 2026
Piontkovski D., / Series arXiv "math". 2026.
A noncommutative projective variety is defined, following Artin and Zhang, by a graded coherent algebra 𝐴. The category of coherent sheaves is then the quotient qgr(𝐴) of the category of finitely presented graded modules by the subcategory of torsion modules. We consider the categorical and polynomial entropies of the Serre twist, that is, of the ...
Added: June 23, 2026
Piontkovski D., / Series arXiv "math". 2025.
If a symmetric multilinear algebra is weakly nil, then it is Engel. This result may be regarded as an infinite-dimensional analogue of the well-known Jacobian theorem, which states that if a polynomial mapping has a polynomial inverse, then its Jacobian matrix is invertible. This refines a theorem of Gerstenhaber and partially answers a question posed ...
Added: June 23, 2026
Shipilov F., Barnyakov A., Ivanov A. et al., / Series Physics "arxiv.org". 2026.
A fast simulation of the detector response is a vital task in high-energy physics (HEP). Traditional Monte-Carlo methods form the backbone of modern particle physics simulation software but are computationally expensive. We present a machine-learning-based approach to fast simulation of the Focusing Aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov (FARICH) detector response. Given a particle track and momentum, ...
Added: May 19, 2026
Derkacheva A., Sakirkina M., Kraev G. et al., /. 2026.
Comprehensive data on natural hazards and their consequences are crucial for effective for risk assessment, adaptation planning, and emergency response. However, many countries face challenges with fragmented, inconsistent, and inaccessible data, particularly regarding local-scale events. To address this data gap in Russia, we developed an end-to-end processing pipeline that scrapes news from various online sources, ...
Added: April 28, 2026