Обоснование параметров разравнивающего устройства для измельчения соломы

Достижения науки и техники АПК. 2026. Т. 40. № 6. С. 73–80.

Богданчиков И. Ю., Бачурин А. Н., Есенин М. А., Mitrofanov S. V., Мартышов А. И.

The studies were conducted with the aim of theoretically and experimentally justification the parameters of a levelling device with adjustable depth to improve the uniformity of the chopper rotor loading and the quality of straw distribution in the MDUS-2.3 unit. The optimal angle at the apex of the isosceles triangular profile of the levelling device of 90° ensures the sliding condition (tan 45° = 1 > μ = 0.55). The theoretical value of the levelling device depth in a 0.075 m swath (20-25% of the height) guarantees a loading of at least 88% of the rotor width; the experimental optimum depth of 0.15 m, established based on the results of the full factorial experiment (FFE) 22, ensures a maximum spreading width of 6.0 m (λ = 0.7-0.8) at a speed of 6-7 km/h. Distribution uniformity increased to 82-88%, the coefficient of variation decreased to 0.15-0.21, and the average particle length decreased from 8-12 cm to 5-8 cm.
A formula for adjusting the seeding depth based on windrow geometry was developed. The adjustable seeding depth levelling device provides statistically significant improvements in all performance indicators (p < 0.05) compared to similar devices. Field coverage with chopped material of ≥75% was achieved, meeting the agronomic requirement for efficient utilization of straw as fertilizer.

Keywords: солома, straw, windrow chopper, seeding depth levelling device, distribution uniformity, seeding depth, rotor load factor, валковый измельчитель, разравнивающее устройство, равномерность распределения, заглубление, коэффициент загрузки ротора