Metastability of lipid vesicle shapes in uniaxial extensional flow

Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. 2026. Vol. 113. No. 5.

Pikina E.

In this work, we investigate the elastic properties of deflated vesicles and their shape dynamics in uniaxial extensional flow. By analyzing the Helfrich bending energy and viscous flow stresses in the limit of highly elongated shapes, we demonstrate that all stable vesicle configurations are metastable. For vesicles with small reduced volume, we identify the type of bifurcation at which the stationary state is lost, leading to unbounded vesicle elongation in time. We show that the stationary vesicle length remains finite at the critical extension rate. The critical behavior of the stationary vesicle length and of the growth rates of small perturbations is obtained analytically and confirmed by direct numerical computations. The beginning stage of the unbounded elongation dynamics is simulated numerically, in agreement with the analytical predictions.

Keywords: bifurcation, membrane vesicles